T.V. Violence essays

T.V. Savagery expositions What has the world gone to nowadays? It regularly appears wherever one looks, savagery pops up. We see it all over. Its in the lanes, back rear entryways, school, and even at the home. One other significant wellspring of savagery is the TV. The TV can be found in 96% of homes in the nation (Langone). They cost pretty much nothing however fill three principle needs; to engage, advise, and teach. Nonetheless, the TV started to have another reason in the mid 1990s that despite everything proceeds with today; tainting youngsters. That prompts influencing a great deal of the general public. T.V savagery happens in 25% of the projects on TV, excluding link (Cheyney). At the point when kids stare at the TV they frequently get maneuvered into its reasonable universe of savagery scenes with in some cases obliterating results. There has been a lot of exploration that TV brutality is a significant wellspring of vicious conduct in youngsters, which can impact their activities, as they get more established. Reality with regards to TV brutality and kids has been appeared. Some are attempting to battle this issue. Others are overlooking it and trusting it will disappear. Others dont even appear to mind. The realities are verifiable. The examinations have been completed and all the outcomes point to one end: Television savagery makes kids and a few grown-ups be fierce and the impacts can be deep rooted. The data cannot be disregarded Violent TV impacts everybody. A normal American watches 2.7 long stretches of TV every week (Cheyney). Youngsters observe more than the reasonable portion of vicious programming (Cheyney). In light of that the impact now and again end up being sensational. For instance in California, a seven-year-old kid sprinkled ground up glass into the sheep stew the family was to have for supper. At the point when the kid was inquired as to why he did it he answered that he needed to check whether the outcomes would resemble those on TV (Howe). Not exclusively does this brutality impact the chil... <!

Financial Managment worksheet 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Budgetary Managment worksheet 1 - Essay Example On the off chance that an organization can likewise eliminate the records receivable period and convert the records receivable into money in an a lot quicker time, the less money it needs to keep up as it can meet its present commitments with the money that originates from the assortments. In any case, changing the credit strategy will involve a cost, that is, the conceivable decrease in deals as clients are given shorter chance to pay for their buys. There must be a parity at that point, with respect to what will be the new arrangement and the impact of it on deals. The money change cycle is the whole of the stock time frame, the records receivable period less the records payable period. Along these lines, so as to improve working capital administration, the organization can accomplish something with the stock time frame, the records receivable period or here and there with the records payable time frame. In the event that an organization cuts the creation time and convert them into deals, the less money the business needs so as to meet its commitments. Money from activities is created by selling inventories, at that point accepting money, or getting a guarantee to get money as receivables. The money produced from activity relies upon how quick the firm believers stock into money, along these lines utilizing money to pay for extra buys in stock, and help meet momentary commitments. By expanding the stock turnover, the firm can have inventories changed over into money. Be that as it may, there is additionally an expense to turning to this choice. This implies, all together for the firm’s stock to be sold quicker, it needs to build its endeavors on showcasing and advancement of its items, hence bringing about extra costs. By guaranteeing that business come in quicker, and inventories transformed into money are reinvested for extra acquisition of stock, the exertion is on creating deals for the most part with money installment. So as to coordinate transient needs with momentary wellsprings of financing, another alternative can be to get for present moment.

Unemployment Inflation in the U.S

Joblessness Inflation in the U.S Joblessness rate is known to be one of the most fundamental monetary pointers to speak to a specific countrys financial execution generally detailed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). While taking a gander at United States joblessness rate, it has been extending from 4.7 till 10.1 percent. Financial specialists understand that joblessness is a significant issue, as it pulls back utilization designs as well as happens at an open door cost of the merchandise and enterprises that could have been delivered. Likewise, relentless joblessness can bring about a pool of mental and social government assistance costs, for example, suicides, sorrow, divorces and so forth. So as to see how joblessness has influenced the U.S economy, it is fundamental to know how joblessness is estimated at first and what causes it. Estimating Unemployment Initially, a month to month Employment Report is created by the U.S government which is comprised of two reviews. The first being the Establishment Report and the second being the Current Population Survey. The Establishment Report asks what number of laborers are being paid normally from an example of bosses while the CPS, asks a pool of 60,000 families about any of them attempting to look for work or are working as of now. At the point when the outcome is concluded, it encourages the BLS to examine what number of Americans are utilized and what number of are definitely not. It is ordered into six distinct measures in particular; At the point when an individual is out of employment for 15 weeks or more. At the point when a specialist has completed a brief activity or has been sacked. Detailing official joblessness rate by assessing the extent of the work power from the absolute jobless. Estimating the all out joblessness rate by including (3) and the bit of laborers who have quit any pretense of searching for a vocation (debilitated). Summarizing the responses to (4) and including a segment of laborers who are intrigued to work however have not begun searching for it. Summation of all the above outcomes from 3-5 onwards with those laborers who are quick to work all day yet can't. Reasons of Unemployment All in all financial matters, joblessness can be contemplated to happen for various monetary elements. In any case, while summing it up just to the U.S economy, joblessness is brought about by either frictional, basic or recurrent reasons. Frictional Unemployment: Such kind of joblessness is created from the changes in the workforce that are frequently caused when laborers attempt to move in the middle of occupations so as to get a more significant compensation or in light of the fact that they offered moved to a specific area. It can likewise be caused when businesses keep down themselves from delegating of sacking laborers for in financial reasons. Basic Unemployment: When a crisscross is made because of topographical, demographical or modern reasons; auxiliary joblessness is caused. For the most part, it tends to be caused in regions where there is a great deal of specialized headway yet the laborers come up short on the specialized aptitude to do their employments. Such advancement in innovation is typically an extraordinary expense to the economy. In the U.S, the paper business has confronted lost positions for columnists, content editors, etc as the online world has assumed control over the business as electronic promoting. Repeating Unemployment: Keynesian financial matters expresses that recurrent joblessness is the impact of blasts in the business cycles. Besides, downturn patterns lead to lesser laborers being selected in this way, rising the joblessness rate. Repetitive joblessness happens when there isn't sufficient interest for merchandise and ventures in the economy everywhere to give employments to each and every individual who needs one. Fundamentally, it is activated when buyers have less cash within reach to burn through cash on wares. This thusly makes organizations lay off their laborers because of less interest. Measures to check the joblessness rate After a particular range, the bureaucratic U.S government ventures into the scene and attempts to make occupations so as to dodge the joblessness rate to continue over an extensive stretch of time. The administration for the most part does this by means of the money related arrangement of financial strategy approach. Fiscal Policy: The Federal Reserve Bank of U.S is liable for controlling the money related arrangement. The bank is a free substance that has the way to deal with the cash flexibly inside the nation. Two devices are utilized as needs be to the monetary circumstance. The primary instrument embraced is to bring down the loan fees. Along these lines, it is less expensive for banks and organizations to obtain cash as the expense of getting is brought down. Governments do this with a plan to animate speculation spending and development of organizations. This outcomes in expanded business and monetary essentialness. The subsequent device is to expand the cash accessible to family units and organizations. Along these lines, more cash will build work and invigorate business development. Financial Policy: on the off chance that the expansionary money related arrangement isn't sufficient to check the joblessness impact, different monetary strategies are embraced to battle the high paces of joblessness. Governments can receive numerous methods to do this. They can: Decrease charges for urging families and organizations to spend. Increment government spending to expand business rates. Arrangement of joblessness benefits so as to assist them with their fundamental needs. Enroll laborers who have the right stuff to assemble things like mass travel frameworks and who have what it takes to cook administrations, for example, redesigning and fixing complex foundations. (Debt.org, n.d.) Expansion is for the most part named as the tenacious ascent in the general value level of good and administrations. It tends to be caused because of three primary reasons in the U.S: Request Pull Inflation: This sort of swelling is principally caused when a lot of interest is pursuing too scarcely any products. An advancing economy simply like the U.S; can bring about swelling as individuals begin expending to an ever increasing extent. Developing economies like the U.S can confront constant swelling as individuals spend more and are idealistic about what's to come. This can trigger financial development however after a specific time can be hazardous. Monetary arrangements that are optional in nature can incites request pull expansion. The legislature does this by expanding their government spending and diminishing assessment rates which thus causes an up ascend in the interest plan. For example, Apple Inc. charges significant expenses for its items. Cost-Push Inflation: Such sort of expansion happens mostly because of significant expenses pursuing costs. It is caused when flexibly is low. Compensation swelling can trigger cost-push expansion as it is affected by a decent framed worker's organization. In addition, when regular catastrophes happen they can likewise cause such sort of expansion as foundation is annihilated, for example, that what occurred in Hurricane Katrina in the U.S. For example, over the top angling in the U.S causes a decrease in flexibly for fish, along these lines expanding its cost. Another explanation can likewise be adaptability of U.S swapping scale that prompts import-push expansion. Cash Supply Inflation: Excess extension of cash gracefully can likewise prompt expansion. Cash when all is said in done methods both money and credit. At whatever point U.S families discover advance modest, there will be a great deal of cash and too scarcely any products in this way consequently; expanding expansion. Money related Fiscal Policies in U.S Fiscal strategy is alluded to the intentional control of national cash which is set by the U.S Federal Reserve. Fiscal arrangement is an instrument which is utilized to control the estimation of cash; for this situation the dollar, in the open market. In the U.S a contractionary fiscal strategy can be of extraordinary use to balance out the value level and control the expansion rate. The principle point of the strategy is to diminish the degree of expansion in the level. The U.S government does this by diminishing government spending or by expanding financing costs. This outcomes in a steady economy. Moreover; this influences the utilization plan which adjusts the value level. In any case, a similar approach has many negative reactions to it. Contractionary money related strategy makes creation delayed down as it gets fixed throughout the years. Organizations may close down their creation which decreases the interest of items accordingly making a downturn. Furthermore, joblessness ascends as firms recruit less laborers with less creation. (Financial Policy) Then again Fiscal Policy is alluded to the change of devouring spending designs including that of expense. (Clarify Fiscal Policy) The primary advantages of this arrangement that it provides food is that once inferred it quickly takes it job in the economy. Also, in the event that the U.S economy is in downturn, a monetary approach can be executed to trigger an ascent in total interest. Thirdly, it is explicit in nature which implies that it characterizes its job ahead of time. For example, government spending on either schools, foundation or clinical offices. Be that as it may, it can have its own cons, for example, being unbendable. Social and political limitations can make monetary strategies fall behind in its usage period. (Financial Policies Pros Cons) Monetary Growth Reforms in the U.S Monetary development alludes to the measure of flourishing a nation appreciates over some stretch of time. It is a marker of the development in the economy. For example, in the U.S, the monetary development rate is around 2 to 5 percent. As the U.S is a quick paced economy, such rates continue over extensive stretches of time and are seen really well. (Financial Growth) Numerous approaches and changes have been framed to advance monetary development. One such change is the President Obama Strategy for American Innovation. The principle thought of this change is the arrangement of a framework that obliges guarantee that the American economy thrives. In addition, this change additionally has the intend to create quality employments, better foundation for clinical offices and improved zones for living. (Advancement Strategy, n.d.) Another approach to advance development is the Economic Development Administration which helps the economy by giving employments and specialized assistance to those zones where there is a gigantic

Reflection Essay Classroom Ethical Dilemma-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Reflection Essay On A Classroom Ethical Dilemma? Answer: Introducation The moral problem is one that occurred in school in mid-September a year ago. The circumstance spoke to an issue where I needed to settle on decisions over a choice to make. It was about a study hall serious work venture of planning an imaginative item. The serious work venture item would be a premise of conclusive course evaluating, and the champ could partake in a territorial rivalry from that point. The coach directions were to work autonomously, not to counsel any master or look for guidance, and everybody to be a guard dog and report any uncalled for rivalry rehearses. The results of any individual found to have submitted the negligence was wiping out and zero evaluating to the course. It happened a colleague who is my dear companion disregarded the guidelines and looked for an exhortation of a specialist so as to win the opposition. I discovered her in a compromising position and she confessed to have done as such. I saw that on the off chance that I report the case she will be excluded, acquire a zero evaluating, and in the long run lose the kinship. Be that as it may, in the event that I keep very I will a partner of a negligence and make her success uncalled for completely. What my companion had done was against estimations of trustworthiness, honesty, equity and obligation. Everybody in class was relied upon to work freely, honest, capable and with trustworthiness. I took the choice to confront my companion and mentioned to her that what she had done was unjustifiable and nor right and I will report the case. She begged me reliably and drawing out her apprehensions of bombing the course. I concede that I felt for her and I didn't report the case, and trusted that she was not found or win the opposition. My still, small voice revealed to me that I had accomplished something that was very awful having seen contemptibility and kept mum. I felt terrible, blameworthy and dreadful over the event. However, later my sentiments were advocated as she didn't win rivalry and I realized normal equity had won. I do rate my choice on the event at a size of 7 (marginally upbeat) since I didn't lose my companion and she didn't win through an out of line implies. Investigation of moral predicament There are a few hypothetical standards that can be utilized to look for suitable choices and activities to a moral quandary (Balakrishnan 2017, p.198). The standardizing speculations can be utilized to give strategies, standards, rules and guides to follow (Nucci. Krettenauer. Narvez 2014). Moral researchers contend that there is no general good and bad it must be resolved soundly. The balanced choice relies upon the individual and culture encompassing the territory (Ford Richardson 2013, p.30). The examination of the moral issue tended to will be founded on three hypotheses vanity, utilitarianism, and ethicalness morals hypothesis. The selfishness and utilitarian are delegated consequentialism a circumstance where moral choices are made with thought of the imaginable result. Goodness morals hypothesis is delegated non-consequentialism moral choices finished with no thought of likely results (Parsons 2016). One class of consequentialism hypothesis is that of moral mental pride contributed by Adam Smith. The hypothesis expresses that an individual dynamic depends on the activities that he/she presumes to be correct or wrong and which best advances own advantages and wants (Parsons 2016). The mental selfishness brings an irreconcilable circumstance of what regards an individual and what is useful for the general public. Choices made on moral issue were on pride of keeping up fellowship with my cohort notwithstanding the misbehavior focused on a bigger society. The negligence ought to have been accounted for to address the untrustworthy activity. The activities of the moral situation depended on Financial vanity since it concentrated on transient enthusiasm of keeping up kinship disregarding the drawn out advantage of remedying dishonest wrong to a bigger contenders (Christensen, Calabrese, Calabrese, Gomila Gut 2014, p.5). Another moral hypothesis under consequentialism is known as utilitarianism which was contributed by John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham. The hypothesis of utilitarianism expresses that the estimation of any ethical demonstration relies upon the assessment of the greater part (Morris McDonald 2013). The hypothesis expects fair-mindedness of people when making activities not to outrage the greater part. The hypothesis traces a straight forward, straightforward and vote based procedure by taking care of moral issues in the public eye. The utilitarian hypothesis was material in the moral quandary situation. The assessment of the lion's share dependent on the hypothesis is to tackle the issue genially where no one feels distressed (Hoffman, Frederick Schwartz 2014, p.20). I had the option to contact my schoolmate and framework to her how it wasn't right to submit the negligence. This was significant in examining the starting point of the issue before announcing the unethical demonstration . Despite the fact that it is valuable hypothesis to take care of a moral issue it can harm other people who are included (Ferrell Fraedrich 2015). The choice of keeping quiet after conversation with cohort could have influenced equity of all rivals in the opposition. The last thought of the moral predicament is that we thought about misery of the lion's share and satisfaction of holding kinship through our activities. The hypothesis under non-consequentialism known as uprightness morals hypothesis can likewise be utilized to clarify the activities of the moral situation. Temperance morals hypothesis diagrams that benefits can be given to the character or the entertainer instead of utilizing the standards of obligation or results (Hoffman, Frederick Schwartz 2014, p.34). If there should arise an occurrence of moral issue the schoolmate (entertainer) was given the benefit to choose if her activities were legitimized or not. The regret by the entertainer on negligence submitted meant that she had advocated her activities to not be right. In the event that the standards of results could have won, at that point detailing could have been done right away. The contention of utilizing the utilitarian methodology for examination for the moral problem is that toward the finish, all things considered, the individual would have procured human excellencies over the long haul (Musto, Rodney Vanderheide 2015, p10 0). Reflection on moral situation In reflection process the respondents need to apply moral prevailing upon the guide of speculations so as to fundamentally might suspect the potential ramifications of their activities over the virtues encompassing them (Weaver, Reynolds Brown 2014, p.34). In utilizing mental pride hypothesis regarding moral problem caused me to feel glad. Since had the option to keep up my pride enthusiasm of keeping up kinship toward the end. It additionally made me not to be egotistical to report what had occurred. The unselfish conduct of not detailing in the long run carried delight of guaranteeing social relationship with my companion is kept up. The contention of utilizing the hypothesis is that we will all be cheerful if every individual would care for their own advantages (Shapiro Stefkovich 2016 p. 48). The utilization of mental pride didn't satisfy me since it didn't uncover the ethical wrong it stayed unnoticed it concentrated on shielding people interests instead of the bigger contenders interests. The ethical all inclusive standard could have won in settling on the choice. I was cheerful in utilizing the ethicalness morals hypothesis to settle the moral predicament since it empowered the two of us learn through our own faculties and ideals. Over the long haul it was better for every person to comprehend the nature and setting of what's going on or right and advertising significant choices. In setting of the moral predicament the entertainer was given the choice alone to choose what was correct or wrong and settle on a choice. I didnt take part in choosing a ultimate choice and that fulfilled me. The premise of the hypothesis is that people ought to be offered benefits to choose what can not be right or right (Sendjaya, Pekerti, Hrtel, Hirst Butarbutar 2016). I was disturbed in utilizing the ethicalness morals hypothesis since one can't set up over the long haul if the on-screen character has get familiar with any ethical righteousness by moral temperance by her own. In utilizing the utilitarianism hypothesis it satisfied me since I had the option to make bliss of keeping up companionship over misery of losing a companion. Dominant part of people incline toward keeping up social relationship to have solid and upbeat living as opposed to breaking relationship. The utilization of utilitarian hypothesis didn't satisfy me since it advocates much on corrupt activities and doesn't give chance for results beginning from it (Weaver, Reynolds Brown 2014, p.105). At long last there was no reasonableness to all people who partook in the opposition. End Taking everything into account if the moral quandary circumstance happens again I would not settle on a similar choice once more. Since an inappropriate stayed unpunished, the situation could have distraught others by making unjustifiable rivalry, and it is hard to distinguish if the on-screen character (colleague) had taken in any excellence over the long haul. A moral wrong can be adjusted by recognizing and making fitting move over it. The ethical thinking choice could have been founded on the results of the activity to the bigger society. Reference records Balakrishnan, V 2017, Teaching and Learning for Real-Life: The Application of Real-Life Moral Dilemma Discussion for Classroom Interaction, InTeacher Empowerment towards Professional Development and Practices(pp. 195-210), Springer Singapore. Christensen, G., Flexas, C., Calabrese, M., Gmtila, A 2014, Moral reloaded judgment: moral approval study,psychology in boondocks, p.5-12. Ferell, P. furthermore, Fraedrich, J 2015, Ethics in business: Decisional making moral cases, Nelson Education. Passage, R. furthermore, Richards, W 2013, Decision making in morals: experimental writing survey, diary of business morals works of art (pp.19-44), springer Netherlands. Hoffman, W, Freddrick, R and Schwartz, L 2014, prologue to morals in business: cases and readings in corporate profound quality, John Wi

Administrative Ethics Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Managerial Ethics - Research Paper Example Set forth plainly, two associations are compelled to pay OCR a whole of $1,975,220 for losing two PCs that have patients’ private data (HHS, 2014). Unquestionably, such data are at a danger of abuse henceforth the requirement for fortification. OCR’s agent executive states that, â€Å"Covered associations must comprehend that cell phones and PC security is the entity’s responsibility.† Consequently, the aggregate expected of the elements sends a straightforward message that encryption is the best assurance against such rates. The two elements for this situation are Concentra Health Services (Concentra) and QCA Health Plan, Inc. of Arkansas. Correspondingly, the issue for the situation influences numerous individuals in various measures. In the first place, the most influenced are patients whose data is put away in the taken PCs. Jessica et al. (2011) declare that one of the center duties of clinical professionals is classification. In that capacity, it is necessitated that human services experts keep patients’ data mystery and hidden except if there is an agree to reveal wellbeing data. It is the fundamental motivation behind why patients share a ton of classified data with clinical experts. Basically, inability to keep the data hidden damages patients. Plus, patients regularly share private data with experts. It is without question that the patient-doctor trust is broken when the center doesn't keep up protection of data. The circumstance influences patients from multiple points of view. One, there are patients with by and by delicate wellbeing data that they tried to keep mystery. All things being equal, that the workstations are taken methods such data is not, at this point private (Barrett et al. 2010). Almost certainly, the data is in the hands of individuals who need to abuse it. In addition, patients are influenced in that they will scarcely look for clinical help from the medical clinic. Without a doubt, individuals gain for a fact, and the accessibility of different people’s experience instructs the

6 New Years Ressaylutions for 2011 from The Essay Expert

6 New Year’s “Ressaylutions” for 2011 from The Essay Expert The Essay Experts Top 10 Grammar and Spelling Errors of 2010 was such a hit I’ve decided to continue on the New Year’s theme.   What are The Essay Expert’s New Year’s Resolutions (Ressaylutions?)   They range from improvements to my communications with you, my readers, to new ventures in my creative life. 6 New Year’s Ressaylutions for The Essay Expert:   1.             Convert my website to WordPress. From everything I read, WordPress is the way to go for ease of use and search engine optimization (SEO).   I found a company in India that is working on this project for me as I type.   I’m excited to make my own website changes instead of always depending on a designer. 2.             Make it easier for my readers to choose the topic they want to read about. This means having 4 separate e-lists:   a) Job Search (Resumes Cover Letters); b) College Admissions; c) LinkedIn Professional Writing; and d) Everything; e) Current Blog Newsletter only.   Within the next 3 months I plan to give subscribers a chance to choose their topic(s) so they won’t get emails about issues that may not interest them. 3.             Create autoresponders. This project is related to ressaylution #2.   Once someone signs up for a particular list, he or she will receive a weekly email with relevant information.   Some of that information will be my older articles on the subscriber’s chosen topic.   This way new subscribers won’t miss out on the great articles I wrote in the past! 4.             Guest blog. I wrote for other people’s blogs quite a bit when I first started my business, and it has been a while since that has happened.   I look forward to creating alliances with some other bloggers and exchanging our wisdom! 5.             Start an Artist’s Way group. I will be stirring up more creative energy in my life and in the world by leading an Artist’s Way group.   Whether this group will be virtual/remote or in-person or both has not been determined.   The Artist’s Way is a 12-week program that unblocks creativity through writing daily “morning pages,” going on weekly “artist’s dates,” and doing other prescribed exercises.   I’ve already started morning pages (2 days down, a lifetime to go!) and took my inner artist on a chilly walk tonight.   If you’re interested in participating in a group, please contact me at BrendaB@TheEssayExpert.com or 608-467-0067. 6.             Continue to write and share about writing issues, job search issues, and sometimes life issues that strike my fancy each week and that my readers care about.   Expect some short articles from time to time that simply share an example of a writing issue I’ve seen that week.   I believe real life examples are the best way to teach since they represent the challenges many of you are dealing with every day (that’s not “everyday”)! What are some of your resolutions for 2011?   And/or what would you like to see from The Essay Expert in the coming year?   I look forward to your comments.

Paleolithic Hominids Research Paper - 275 Words

Paleolithic Hominids (Research Paper Sample) Content: The Crania ProjectNameInstitutionPaleolithic HominidsAn extinct hominid, which is a species of Homo erectus, was discovered at Zhoukoudian near Beijing, China. The early Paleolithic hominids lived in China over a million years ago. The Peking man was discovered in the year 1927. It was believed to have existed about 400,000 years ago. The hominids are known to have split from ape-like ancestors. The two major features distinguishing human from apes are bipedalism and big brains. In order to understand the brains of the hominids, it is imperative that we understand its structure and the size. The size of the brain grew to 1400cc from 300cc. The measurement of the brain is obtained by measuring the inside of the brain/skull case.
As time progressed, there was an observable change of the brain case. The braincase shaped to oval then bun shaped. There was no forehead, but later developed the forehead. The brain case later became rounder due to the presence of larger bra ins.
In regards to the development of the brain, certain changes became apparent; this includes the minimization of the postorbital constriction. It meant that, the separation between the face and the brain reduced significantly.
The brains enlarged resulting to the flattening of the face. It was caused by the minimization of the distance between the face and the brain, which resulted into minimization of the prognathism also referred to as snootiness. The apes' faces appeared to have a snout while, in the case of the human face, the snout appear tucked inside the skull. There was an eventual loss of the wisdom tooth. Other significant features of a hominid include the appearance of the Mohawk bone on the head, which is also referred to as the Sagittal Crest. Some strong muscle attachment it was seen on the base of the skull. It also known as the Nuchal crest. Wide flaring zygomas was evident.
Homo neanderthalensisNeanderthals are seen as the close relatives to human beings. Their skulls had various distinct characteristics. They had an angled cheekbone. Their face had a large middle part. They also possessed a large nose, which was adopted for warming and humidifying cold, as well as, dry air. They also had stocky and short bodies. Their body structures were adapted for their survival in cold environments. They also possessed large brains, which was proportional to the brawnier bodies. Both the male and the female had a height of 164cm and 155cm respectively. The female weighed 54kg while the male weighed 65kg. The Neanderthals were heavily built in comparison to the modern humans. They had high efficiency in the conversation of the body heat, which helped the Neanderthals in withstanding the prevailing cold climates. The Neanderthals used Mousterian stone tools. It was characterized by unique flake tools, which appeared detached from well-prepared stone core. The Neanderthals utilized this innovation in preparing various tool shapes from suitable ston es. The tools were later used in sewing and hunting. The prevailing genetic and fossil evidence suggests that both the modern humans and the Neanderthals must have had similar ancestors. The Neanderthals are believed to have existed between 500,000 and 200,000 years ago.
KenyanthropusThe Kenyanthropus platypus is believed to have existed 3.2 to 3.5 million years ago. The fossils of this hominid were discovered in Kenya around Lake Turkana. The obtained fossils suggested that, the Kenyanthropus were extremely diverse taxonomically in the middle Pliocene. The studies carried out on the fossil indicated that it had few resemblances with Australopithecus. This resemblance was inclusive of a large brain size, nasal parts the temporal and the suborbital regions. It was observed that, the Kenyanthropus has many differences with the Australopithecus. The fossil had small molars. The studies carried out on the fossil indicated that, the maxillas morphology was characterized by relati vely othognathic and flat sub-nasal region. Its zygomatic process was interiorly placed. It also had small molars. Its flat face and small molars had huge resemblance with the modern humans. Other prevailing features included steep entrance of the nasal cavity, moderate depth of the mandible and thick enamel. Studies indicated that Kenyanthropus was among the oldest hominids and had a brain capacity of 450 cc.
Homo NeanderthalensisIn Le Moustier, France, a skull that was 45,000 years old was discovered. The prevailing distinctive features of this adolescent individual were apparent since it was evident that changes of the fossil were genetic but not lifetime changes. Their face had distinctive features showing a major difference between those that came after and before them. The main variance in their faces included the mid-facial prognathism, retreated zygomas, the nasal aperture and the positioning of the dentition. Most of the features that were used, distinguished humans from the Neanderthals. It included the absence of the canine fossa, inferior orbital margins that were round, suprainiac fossa, absence of mental eminence and the presence of the retro molar space. They also had a projecting and broad nose and an occipital bun.
Australopithecus AfricanusAustralopithecus Africanus was discovered in South Africa in the year 1924. It was discovered by Raymond Dart. The skull obtained was small in size, which prompted him into calling it the Taung baby.' Studies carried out on the skull indicated that, the skull originated from a child 3-4 years of age. The conclusion made on the skull was indicative of the fact that it was an intermediate between humans and apes. This conclusion was based from the position and shape of the brain's cas... Paleolithic Hominids Research Paper - 275 Words Paleolithic Hominids (Research Paper Sample) Content: The Crania ProjectNameInstitutionPaleolithic HominidsAn extinct hominid, which is a species of Homo erectus, was discovered at Zhoukoudian near Beijing, China. The early Paleolithic hominids lived in China over a million years ago. The Peking man was discovered in the year 1927. It was believed to have existed about 400,000 years ago. The hominids are known to have split from ape-like ancestors. The two major features distinguishing human from apes are bipedalism and big brains. In order to understand the brains of the hominids, it is imperative that we understand its structure and the size. The size of the brain grew to 1400cc from 300cc. The measurement of the brain is obtained by measuring the inside of the brain/skull case.
As time progressed, there was an observable change of the brain case. The braincase shaped to oval then bun shaped. There was no forehead, but later developed the forehead. The brain case later became rounder due to the presence of larger bra ins.
In regards to the development of the brain, certain changes became apparent; this includes the minimization of the postorbital constriction. It meant that, the separation between the face and the brain reduced significantly.
The brains enlarged resulting to the flattening of the face. It was caused by the minimization of the distance between the face and the brain, which resulted into minimization of the prognathism also referred to as snootiness. The apes' faces appeared to have a snout while, in the case of the human face, the snout appear tucked inside the skull. There was an eventual loss of the wisdom tooth. Other significant features of a hominid include the appearance of the Mohawk bone on the head, which is also referred to as the Sagittal Crest. Some strong muscle attachment it was seen on the base of the skull. It also known as the Nuchal crest. Wide flaring zygomas was evident.
Homo neanderthalensisNeanderthals are seen as the close relatives to human beings. Their skulls had various distinct characteristics. They had an angled cheekbone. Their face had a large middle part. They also possessed a large nose, which was adopted for warming and humidifying cold, as well as, dry air. They also had stocky and short bodies. Their body structures were adapted for their survival in cold environments. They also possessed large brains, which was proportional to the brawnier bodies. Both the male and the female had a height of 164cm and 155cm respectively. The female weighed 54kg while the male weighed 65kg. The Neanderthals were heavily built in comparison to the modern humans. They had high efficiency in the conversation of the body heat, which helped the Neanderthals in withstanding the prevailing cold climates. The Neanderthals used Mousterian stone tools. It was characterized by unique flake tools, which appeared detached from well-prepared stone core. The Neanderthals utilized this innovation in preparing various tool shapes from suitable ston es. The tools were later used in sewing and hunting. The prevailing genetic and fossil evidence suggests that both the modern humans and the Neanderthals must have had similar ancestors. The Neanderthals are believed to have existed between 500,000 and 200,000 years ago.
KenyanthropusThe Kenyanthropus platypus is believed to have existed 3.2 to 3.5 million years ago. The fossils of this hominid were discovered in Kenya around Lake Turkana. The obtained fossils suggested that, the Kenyanthropus were extremely diverse taxonomically in the middle Pliocene. The studies carried out on the fossil indicated that it had few resemblances with Australopithecus. This resemblance was inclusive of a large brain size, nasal parts the temporal and the suborbital regions. It was observed that, the Kenyanthropus has many differences with the Australopithecus. The fossil had small molars. The studies carried out on the fossil indicated that, the maxillas morphology was characterized by relati vely othognathic and flat sub-nasal region. Its zygomatic process was interiorly placed. It also had small molars. Its flat face and small molars had huge resemblance with the modern humans. Other prevailing features included steep entrance of the nasal cavity, moderate depth of the mandible and thick enamel. Studies indicated that Kenyanthropus was among the oldest hominids and had a brain capacity of 450 cc.
Homo NeanderthalensisIn Le Moustier, France, a skull that was 45,000 years old was discovered. The prevailing distinctive features of this adolescent individual were apparent since it was evident that changes of the fossil were genetic but not lifetime changes. Their face had distinctive features showing a major difference between those that came after and before them. The main variance in their faces included the mid-facial prognathism, retreated zygomas, the nasal aperture and the positioning of the dentition. Most of the features that were used, distinguished humans from the Neanderthals. It included the absence of the canine fossa, inferior orbital margins that were round, suprainiac fossa, absence of mental eminence and the presence of the retro molar space. They also had a projecting and broad nose and an occipital bun.
Australopithecus AfricanusAustralopithecus Africanus was discovered in South Africa in the year 1924. It was discovered by Raymond Dart. The skull obtained was small in size, which prompted him into calling it the Taung baby.' Studies carried out on the skull indicated that, the skull originated from a child 3-4 years of age. The conclusion made on the skull was indicative of the fact that it was an intermediate between humans and apes. This conclusion was based from the position and shape of the brain's cas...

Software Defined Networking A Literature Review

SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKING A Literature Review Presented to Prof. Sharmin Khan Department of Computer Science San Jose State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the class CS200W By Hina Mohare April 2016 ABSTRACT Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a rapidly growing technology which has received lot of attention. It addresses some of the long-standing challenges in the field of computer networks. It simplifies and makes it easier to management network. The core idea behind SDN is to pull out the intelligence from network devices like switch and router so that entire network can be controlled from a centralized single controller. The SDN controller has the global view of entire network devices. The controller can be customized by the network administrators or by the engineers as per the need of the business. The SDN technology makes the network programmable, agile, dynamic, scalable, flexible and centrally controlled. This paper initially focuses on the need of SDN. In the later part consists of architecture of the SDN enabled network, its different applications, challenges in implementing SDN. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Need of SDN 4 3. Architecture of SDN 4 4. Open flow 5 5. Applications of SDN 7 6. Challenges 8 7. Conclusion 10 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 1. INTRODUCTION Today, every modern business uses computer networks whether it is on premise, could-based or a combination ofShow MoreRelatedSoftware Defined Network For File Sharing867 Words   |  4 Pages Software Defined Networking Name: Nasrin, Mst. Sayma ID: 12-21985-2 Sec: B Introduction: We use Networks for file sharing, printer or peripheral sharing, Internet telephone service, multi-player games and many more. But, Normal networks are more complex. Configuring network devices requires a lot of effort and generally has to be done manually by devoted admin. If a network file server promotes a fault, then many users may not be able to run applicationRead MoreAs The World Is Growing, The Social Media Network Is Growing1721 Words   |  7 PagesTwitter. Similarly, if we investigate, there would more other social media sites that the people have been using in their daily life. Social networking sites which are part of social media are playing a very vital role for the companies and their growth. Social networking sites are helping the companies reach from smaller scale to larger scale. Social networking sites are being advantageous for many companies while disadvantageous for some of the companies. They are mainly being used the companies forRead MoreThe Emergence Of The Internet And Social Media1079 Words   |  5 Pagesimpact on the theory and practice of advertising, public relations and marketing disciplines. Advertising spending on the Internet has outpaced all other traditional media (Center for Media Research, 2004). In the last two years, the number of social networking tools and the number of people using those tools have exploded, thus the rules are constantly changing and there is considerable uncertainty on how to employ these tools from a strategic perspective. Professionals in the industry have enduUHGWKH ³WULDOEILUH ´Read MoreAbstract: We Extensively Review The Literature On Mitm1035 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract: We extensively review the literature on MITM to analyze and categories the scope of MITM attacks, considering both a reference model, such as the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, as well as two specific widely used network technologies, i.e., GSM and UMTS. In particular, we classify MITM attacks based on several parameters, like location of an attacker in the network, nature of a communication channel, and impersonation techniques. Based on an impersonation techniques classificationRead MoreSDN Controllers Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesSoftware Defined Network (SDN) Controllers are software applications that are able to perform network functions in an independent manner. They work as the brain of the network and take decisions based on fixed policies and the load present on the networ k, just like physical switches and network modules. SDNs are the technology of the future, and researchers around the world are eager to produce applications that employ them in various applications. Currently, researchers are finding out the importantRead MoreProject Management Scheduling1657 Words   |  7 PagesTitle Successful Project Management Scheduling outcomes: A Theoretical Comparative Analysis of networking techniques between Event, Chain with other traditional methodologies Research Question Why it is important to conduct a comparative analysis of Event, Chain with other traditional methodologies and investigate how it contributes in being Successful scheduling techniques in Project Management discipline? Introduction to Dissertation Nowadays, Project scheduling plays lot of benefactorRead MoreInformation, Network And Cyber Security1455 Words   |  6 PagesTITLE: INFORMATION, NETWORK AND CYBER SECURITY SEMINAR TUTOR: DR. PETE BURNAP ESSAY TITLE / COURSEWORK: COURSEWORK WORD COUNT: 1500 Review of Existing Literature: The most important goal of any access control model is to provide a verifiable system that guarantees the protection of any information from being accessed by an unauthorised party; in line with some defined security policies (Ausanka-crues 2006). Many access control models have evolved over time that manage access to resources in the organisationRead MoreLiterature Review On Security Of Internet Of Things1519 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Review on security of Internet of Things Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, College of Engineering, Pune, India Abstract The concept of the internet of things is that every physical of object in the real world has a virtual component on the internet that can produce and consume services .Such super connected objects would be of great convivences but they would require novel approaches to ensure security and ethical uses. While internet of things is more thanRead MoreEmerging Technologies And Social Media1818 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Emerging technologies in the past 10 years have allowed for business to take advantage of these technologies for the benefit of enhancing their brand. Current literature has been examined on how business have used Web 2.0 technologies and social media to give them a completive advantage within their markets. This research provides insight into why business are using Web 2.0 technologies and which components of Web 2.0 and social media are utalised by businesses in today society, from smallRead MoreBenefits And Applications Of The Software Defined Networking3320 Words   |  14 Pagesenhancement in the security of the network will mitigate the attacks like Denial of Service attacks. 2) It will also help in controlling the data and control plane of the networking devices, which will enable more options to enhance the security. The project focusses on using the advantages and applications of the Software Defined Networking (SDN) technology. By implementing Security measures in SDN, one can develop a network that will be free from several network attacks like ping attack, TCP SYN attack

3D Printing Free Essay Example, 1250 words

ZPrinter 350 developed the latest 3D printing technology in 2009 that defined improved accessibility, speed, usability, efficiency, and affordability (Bogue, 2013). Materials and Processes 3D printing technology uses different types of materials depending on the required product. Some of the materials used in 3D printing include alloys, polymers, glass, metal, and plastic. Notably, 3D printing involves arranging the materials in different layers and designing different shapes to complete the additive process (Lipson & Kurman, 2013). In 3D printing, manufacturers use standard inkjet printing technology to develop layered parts by depositing a liquid binder onto thin layers of powder (Z Corporation, 2005). Consequently, the print heads moves over powder and prints cross-sectional data sent from. stl, .wrl, .ply, and. sfx files through a feed piston and platform (Z Corporation, 2005). Indeed, 3D CAD software export 3D models as standard and printable file formats for 3D printing (Z Corporation, 2009). Evidently, the 3D printing process aims at transforming a digital model or design into a physical product of any geometrical dimensions. Using the standard and printable fi le formats for 3D printing, manufacturers launch ZPrintâ„ ¢ software in a PC that slices the 3D model file into various digital cross-sections, or layers (Z Corporation, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on 3D Printing or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Consequently, the ZPrinter prints every layer and places the layers on one another to develop a unique product. A short drying cycle culminates the 3D printing process by drying the multi-layered products (Z Corporation, 2009). The joining of cross-sectional layers develops the final shape of the physical product (Lipson & Kurman, 2013). Ideally, the 3D printing technology enhances visualization, automation, and cost-effectiveness of 3D data or digital models. The process enhances the production of highly customized products and designs since manufacturers will only feed the ZPrintâ„ ¢ software with relevant 3D data (DAveni 2013). As such, the manufacturer controls the 3D printing process and can initiate changes and incorporate creativity where necessary. Clearly, 3D printing defines an effective, flexible, and modern manufacturing process that applies in various industries. Examples of 3D Printing Applications Printed Car (Strati) The Strati depicts 3D printing innovation and the world’s first 3-D printed car (Kurczewski, 2014). Local Motors designs and builds the two-passenger car. The 3D printing innovation uses carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic material to manufacture the Strati.

How Does The Use Multiple Perspectives Change Your...

Autumn Journals Mary Yocum How does the use of multiple perspectives change your understanding of the characters and plot in this section? The first part of this section is told by Claudia. In this part she describes her early memories and what it was like to grow up for her. In her description the reader starts to get an idea of how life for the black characters was at that time. Claudia tells about how she encounters the idealized standard of white beauty, both from her perspective as a child and later in life. The reader is able to see Claudia’s confusion with society’s ideals and how she reacted to them as a child, with hate towards the ideal. Then Claudia’s view as an adult who fully understands the ideals gives the reader a wider view of her experiences as a child. By writing this part from Claudia’s perspective, child and adult, the author lets the reader understand how life was for Black Americans in a society that was idealized towards the white middle class. The next part of the section is told from the viewpoint of a narrator. In this section the reader is introduced to the Breedlove family. It stars by describing the store front where the Breedloves live. This gives the reader an idea of how poor and looked down upon the Breedloves are. In their society owning their house and keeping it clean is everything to a black family. The Breedloves do not own their house, nor is it well taken care of. It is described as dirty and grey, ignored by those who pass it by.Show MoreRelatedCan Tv Be Making You Smarter?1444 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloping intricacy of TV plot lines people are having to spend more time paying attention to the TV episodes. To show this, Johnson compared shows from the past and more recent shows to  display how on screen intelligence and off screen intelligence of shows have developed to become more challenging and realistic. I believe contemporary TV shows need to have complex plot lines that are continuously developing with each episode of the season to make a person smarter. Johnson does believe contemporary TVRead MoreAnalysis Of The Brief Life Of Oscar Wao By Junot Diaz1576 Words   |  7 PagesPoint of view is important in any novel. It allows readers to see and understand the events and characters in a novel. Depending on who is speaking, point of view can drive the plot and convey the thoughts of the characters in a story. In the novel, The Brief Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Diaz, point of view plays a crucial role in narrating the life of the lonesome outsider, Oscar. The novel is narrated in first person, but Diaz chooses to disclose who the speaker is until later in the book. As theRead MoreDon Delillo s White Noise1892 Words   |  8 Pagesdo? Why does it matter? What difference does a name make? These are all questions raised in Don DeLillo’s White Noise. This novel teaches how to deal with these uncertainties in many different ways. This postmodern take on the human race and their reali ty of the world discusses why the naming of things has such a high impact. DeLillo suggests this matters because it all comes back to simulacrum, perspective, and questions the reality of these things due to all the different perspectives. The truthRead MoreAssessment 2: Digger J. Jones Close Reading. Jackie Miller-1553 Words   |  7 PagesAssessment 2: Digger J. Jones Close reading Jackie Miller- MillerJA Digger J. Jones written by Richard J. Frankland (2007) is a historical fiction text written by a 11 year old character in a Diary s form .Set in 1967 during the Vietnam war is about the protagonist Digger J. Jones (D.J.J) and his experiences as an Australian aboriginal child during the time of the Vietnam war as well as during the national referendum. 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Nice to Eat with You; Acts of Communion: 1. sharing and peace 2. not always holy 3. personal activity/shared experience 4. indicates how characters are getting along 5. communion enables characters to overcome some kind of internal obstacle †¢ Communion scenes often force/enable reader to empathize with character(s) †¢ A meal is always a morality †¢ We all eat to live, we all die. We all live, we all die. †¢ Meals often have substantial plot significanceRead MoreBurnt Shadows : The Similarities And Trauma Caused Using The Narrative Form4047 Words   |  17 Pagescreates suspense (qtd. from Brooks 18). The hermeneutic code is caused by unanswered questions in the plot, while the proairetic is the anticipation the reader feels. In a sense, we can see these two devices as working together to create a narrative as a whole. As readers, we keep reading the natural sequence of actions (proairetic) to understand the overall plot of the novel (hermeneutic). The plot â€Å"might be best thought of as an overcoding of the proairetic by the hermeneutic, the latter structuringRead MoreInterpretation of the Text13649 Words   |  55 Pagesshape our opinions on a specified point. Furthermore, while it looks like expressive writing, it is not the writer but the narrator or a character who is speaking, i.e. the figures the writer has created or imagined. What we have, then, is an independen t little world made of words: a world of forms, images, and sounds that are all designed to work together. This does not mean that works of literature have nothing to do with reality. 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Toni Morrison shifts points of view and merges narratives of different characters and this way disrupts the linear plot. The language used in the novels is consistent with the characteristical language of the society and is often criticized as too colloquial or imperfect. The fact of the matter, however, is that such a language genuinely

A Night to Remember Decadence of The Titanic Essay

The Soap ad in the 1958 film A Night to Remember is one of the first implications of social class that is illustrated throughout the entire film. It begins by first introducing the viewer to the middle class hero, Lightoller and his view of the class system of 1912 where he mocks the discrepancy of class aboard the Titanic amongst the elites and the lower class passengers (Bruce). And despite this, the advertisement seems to better illustrate the idea of decadence that is found on the ship. As already noted, the scene seems to mock the elite class as Lightoller states that the soap is â€Å"for the first-class passengers, mark you. The rest don’t wash† (A Night to Remember). It is here, that class is clearly evident through the reaction of the†¦show more content†¦By advertising these social embellishments, it advertises the high class sophistications of the ship and is therefore attempting to attract the upper class with its promise of arriving to lavish desti nations on one of the most technologically advanced and its luxury living accommodations. The fact that Lightoller pokes fun at this single line demonstrates his social standing as a middle class citizen. The contrast the social classes in this film by this single scene is also evident through the reactions of the characters. As already noted the elite couple is stiff, uptight and are humorless towards Lightoller’s reaction to the Titanic’s embellishments. As opposed to Lightoller and his wife’s reaction whose is mocking and giggling at the elitist notion of luxury. And also makes a note saying â€Å"soap is no laughing matter† (A Night to Remember). As a means to not offend the upper class passengers, Lightoller remarks that he is not necessarily poking fun at the elite social class but he is only mocking â€Å"of the embellishments† (A Night to Remember). Although the viewer is given a clear distinction as it allows us to believe that he is inde ed making fun of the upper class treatment of the lower class. It is clear that even at the beginning of the film, the motif of decadence amongst the elite classes is evident throughout the entire film. Howell’s makes anShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesturned blank walls to the street, often had lovely gardens in interior courtyards. Shop fronts opened fully in the daytime but were completely shuttered at night. Artisans frequently practiced their crafts within their homes or on the street directly in front of them. Streets were crowded with people throughout the day and well into the night, especially after the arrival of electricity and street lighting, and many events that might have been considered private in the European enclave— IN

Masculinity vs. Femininity Free Essays

Masculinity vs. Femininity Geert Hofstede Here you can see four persons, three of them are adults and the other one is a student. One of the adult seems to be the principal of a school, the other two seem to be the parents of that student. We will write a custom essay sample on Masculinity vs. Femininity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Those people are in a room, which seems to be the bureau f the principal since the sign on the door says â€Å"principal†. The reason why the parents of the student and the principal meet is because the student is not good in school. The principal is about to tell them their son will fail the third grade. Then the father says that he doesn’t understand why his son is so bad in school, and asks what they, himself and his wife, did wrong. The wife answers then that her husband is the one that owns a gun. Therefore you can say that the reason why the student is so bad is due to â€Å"family problems†: His father having a gun. The way the wife says â€Å"You’re the one that owns the gun† seems as if the father uses his gun as a warning, this could lead to fear of the son and this would affect the son’s results in school. In this picture you can say that the father has the power in the family especially showed by him owning a gun, and the mother and wife is only his subordinate. That is why this picture is an example for the masculinity versus femininity by Hofstede’s model. This dimension indicates the extent to which dominant values in a society tend to be assertive and look more interested in things than in concerning for people and the quality of life. â€Å"Masculinity is the opposite of femininity; together, they form one of the dimensions of national cultures. Masculinity stands for a society in which social gender roles are dearly distinct: men are supposed to be more modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life. † (Source: Hofstede, page 262) â€Å"Femininity stands for a society where gender roles overlap: both men and women are supposed to be modest, tender and concerned with the quality of life. † (Hofstede, page 261) The Masculinity and Femininity dimension describes how cultures differentiate between gender roles. Masculine cultures tend to be ambitious and need to surpass. Members of these cultures have a tendency to polarize and consider big and fast to be beautiful. In workplaces employees emphasize their work to a great extent and they admire achievers who accomplished their tasks. Feminine cultures consider quality of life and helping others to fulfill theirselves and help others to achieve their goals . Working is basically to earn money which is necessary for living. In business as well as in private life they strive for consensus and develop sympathy for people who are in trouble. How to cite Masculinity vs. Femininity, Papers

Principles Of Microeconomics A Sample of Economics Solution

Questions: 1. For the pizza seller whose marginal, average variable and average total cost curves are shown in the diagram What is the profit-maximising level of output and how much profit will this producer earn if the price of pizza is $1.18 per slice? 2. Think about the demand for the three popular game consoles: XBox, PS3, and Wii. Using supply and demand diagrams to illustrate your answers, what is the effect on the demand for XBox games or the quantity demanded of XBox games (other things remaining the same) as a result of the following: a. The price of an XBox falls? b. The prices of a PS3 and a Wii fall? c. Programmers who write code for XBox games become more costly to hire? 3. Kim can produce 40 pies or 400 cakes an hour. Liam can produce 100 pies or 200 cakes an hour. a. If Kim and Liam spend 30 minutes of each hour producing pies and 30 minutes producing cakes, how many pies and cakes does each of them produce? b. Who has a comparative advantage in producing pies, and in producing cakes? c. If Kim and Liam specialise and trade, what is the highest price of a pie at which Kim and Liam would agree to trade pies and cakes? What are the gains from trade? Answers: 1. Here at quantity 435, the price is greater than average total cost, which implies that the firm is making profit. At quantity 260, the price is just equal to average total cost. Hence the profit maximizing output is 435 slices. PROFIT= Total revenue (TR)-Total Cost (TC) We find FC : TC= 260*1.18=306.8, AVC= 0.69*260=176.8 ... FC= 306.8-176.8= $130 TR FOR 260 SLICES= 1.18*260= 306.8 Profit= 306.8-30.8= 0 Now for 435 slices: TR= P*Q= 1.18*435= $513.3 TC=FC+VC At output 435 slices, average variable cost (AVC) = $0.77/ slice; VC= AVC*Q= 0.77*435= $334.95 Now, TC for 435 slices= 130+334.95= $464.95 Profit= TR-TC= 513.3-464.95= $48.35 Hence we get higher profit for 435 slices, which makes it the profit maximizing output. The firm earns $48.35 profit. 2. (a) If the price of Xbox falls, then the demand for it rises. The demand curve shifts upward from D0 to D1, with rise in equilibrium quantity Q0 to Q1. (b) As prices of PS3 and Wii falls, the demand for Xbox decreases, and D0 shifts downward to D1. Quantity falls from Q0 to Q1. (c) As the programmers become costly to hire, the cost of producing Xbox games increases, which makes producers decrease supply of Xbox games, hence the supply curve shifts from S0 to S1, so the market equilibrium now shifts to E1 with lower equilibrium output and higher prices. 3. (a) Kim produces 20 pies and 200 cakes whereas Liam produces 50 pies and 100 cakes when given 30mins for each. (b) Liam has comparative advantage in producing pies with a lower opportunity cost of 200/100=2 cakes for baking 1 pie compared to Kims 400/40=10 cakes. Whereas Kim has a comparative advantage in baking cakes with lower opportunity cost of 40/400=1/10 pie per cake compared to Liams 100/200=1/2 pie. (c) In trade Liam sells pies to Kim for cakes at a maximum price of 10 cakes per pie, whereas Kim sells cakes to Liam for pies at a price of 0.5 pies per cake. Each trading at their opportunity costs.As the trade takes place, total production of pies and cakes increase which is the gains from trade. References: Mankiw, G 2007, Economics: principles and applications, Cengage learning, New Delhi Varian, H 2010, Intermediate economics, East west press, New Delhi

Class Discussion free essay sample

What mistakes did Debbie make in her test preparations that probably harmed her performance? The mistakes Debbie made were not thinking about what she would say in an essay and not doing enough studying. What mistakes did Debbie make during the test that hurt her? The mistakes Debbie made during the test was that she took too much time on the multiple choice questions. We will write a custom essay sample on Class Discussion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What was right about Debbie’s initial approach to the test? What I think was right about Debbie’s initial approach was that she had confidence she was gone pass and that she would do the multiple choice questions first to give her an idea of what she was gone write about. What should Debbie have done differently in calculating the amount of time to devote to each portion of the test? Why? I think Debbie should have did the essay first before the multiple choice questions. Why because the essay was worth way more points than the multiple choice questions. What specific strategies would have helped Debbie with the multiple choice questions? What strategies could she have used on the essay? I think Debbie should have did the questions she knew first and then went back and did the ones she didn’t know that way she wouldn’t have spent so much time on one question. Some strategies she could have used on the essay are summarizing, paraphrasing or quoting. If you were in Debbie’s shoes, what would you do with only 10 minutes left in in the test? I would have did the essay because that was worth way more points than the multiple choice questions.

Management Pattern of Pubali Bank Ltd free essay sample

The Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh handed over all assets and liabilities of the then Pubali Bank to Pubali Bank Limited. Since then Pubali Bank Limited has been rendering all sorts of commercial Banking services as the largest bank in the private sector through its branch network all over the country. Pubali Bank Limited provides mass banking services to the customers through its 410 branch network all over the country. This bank has been playing a vital role in socio-economic, industrial and agricultural development as well as in the overall economic development of the country since its inception through savings mobilization and investment of funds. During the last 5 years the growth rate of bank’s earnings is more than 50 % on average. 1. 2 Vision and Mission of Pubali Bank Ltd. †¢To become the best Bank in Bangladesh within 2013. †¢To provide excellent quality Customer service †¢To maintain Corporate and business ethics. †¢To become a trusted repository of customers money and their financial advisor. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Pattern of Pubali Bank Ltd or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To provide high quality financial services in export and import trade. †¢To make our stock superior and rewarding to the customers/share holders. †¢To display team spirit and professionalism. †¢To have a Sound Capital Base. This bank is one of the most disciplined Banks with a distinctive corporate culture. Here we believe in shared meaning, shared understanding and shared sense making. Our people can see and understand events, activities, objects and situation in a distinctive way. They mould their manners and etiquette, haracter individually to suit the purpose of the Bank and the needs of the customers who are of paramount importance to us. The people in the Bank see themselves as a tight knit team/family that believes in working together for growth. The corporate culture we belong has not been imposed; it has rather been achieved through our corporate conduct. 1. 3 Objectives of Pubali Bank Ltd. 01. To carry on, transact, undertake and conduct the business of bank ing in all its branches and transact and do all matters and things incidental thereto in Bangladesh and abroad; 02. To receive, borrow, or raise money on deposit, loan or otherwise, upon such terms as the Company may approve and to give guarantees and indemnities in respect of all debts and contracts; 03. To advance, deposit and lend money on real, personal and mixed securities, on cash, credit or other accounts, on policies, bonds, debentures, bills of exchange, promissory notes, letter of credits, or other wares and merchandise, bills of sale and lading, delivery orders, or other mercantile indicia or tokens, bullion stocks and shares; 04. To establish, maintain, carry on, transact and undertake all kinds of investment, merchant and financial business, including underwriting, managing and distributing the issue of stocks, shares, bonds, debentures, import permits and other securities directly or through jointly with one or more banks or financial institutions; 05. To advance, deposit or lend money to or with such persons, firms or bodies corporate or un-incorporate and so on such terms as may seem expedient; 06. To carry on the business of discounting, dealing in exchanges in specie and securities and all kinds of mercantile banking; 07. To carry on business of dealers in foreign exchange including buying and selling of foreign exchange, dealing in foreign currency notes, granting and issuing of letters of credits, traveler’s cheques, circular notes and negotiating and discounting of export documents and all other matters related to foreign exchange notes; 08. To carry on the business of buying and selling bullion, gold, and other valuables species’ 09. To provide for safe-deposit vaults and safe custody of valuables of all kinds’ 10. To act as agents for the sale and purchase of any stocks, shares or securities or for any other monetary or mercantile transaction; 11. To invest money in such manner as may from time to time be thought proper; 12. To carry on business as financiers, promoters, capitalists, financial and monetary agents, concessionaries, brokers and merchants’ 13. To guarantee or become liable for the payment of money or for the performance of any obligation and generally to transact all kinds of guarantee business and also to transact all kinds of agency business; 14. To promote, effect ensure, guarantee, underwrite, participate in management and carry out any issue, public or private, or state, municipal, or others loans, or shares, stocks, debentures or debentures stock of any company, corporation or association and to lend money for the purpose of any such issue; 15. To form, promote and establish companies and associations for execution of undertaking, works, projects, or enterprises of any description, whether of a private or public character and to acquire, underwrite and dispose of shares and interest in such companies or associations or in any other company or association or in the undertakings thereof; 16. To promote or take part in the formation, management, supervision or control of the business or operations of any company or undertaking in Bangladesh or elsewhere and to render all assistance in this regard’ 17. To form, manage, join or subscribe to any syndicate, consortium or any holding company or trust and to carry on business of an investment trust company; 18. To carry on business or undertaking and executing of trusts and also to act as executor, trustee or otherwise; 19. To act as executors and trustees of wills, settlements and trust deeds of any kind made by customers and others and any other matters related thereto; 20. To act as official liquidator and receiver; 21. To contract or negotiate all kinds of loan, aid or assistance, private or public, from any source, local or foreign and take all such steps as may be required to complete and effectuate such deals; 22. To draw, make, accept, endorse, discount, negotiate, execute and issue bills of exchange, promissory notes and other negotiable or transferable instruments including notes, warrants and coupons; 23. To borrow or raise money or secure the payment of money by issue or sale shares, stocks, bonds, debentures, other securities and obligations, either perpetual or terminable and or redeemable or otherwise, and to charge or secure the same by trust deed or otherwise on the undertaking of the company or upon any specific property and rights, present or future, of the company; 24. To carry on the business of leasing lant or machinery, tools, apparatus, vehicles, ships, office professional equipment, medical and scientific apparatus etc. on such terms/covenants and conditions and on such rentals as may be thought fit and alter, repair and maintain the same; 25. To purchase, or otherwise acquire and undertake, the whole or any part of, or any interest in the business, goodwill, property, contracts, agreements, rights, privileges, effects and liabilities of any other company; 26. To acquire, construct, maintain, or alter any immovable or movable property, rights or privileges which the company may think necessary; 27. To invest the capital and other moneys of the company not immediately required in the purchase, exchange or upon the security of shares, stocks, debentures, debenture stocks and so on; 28. To carry on any other business, which in the opinion of the company is incidental or conducive to the promotion or advancement of the business of the company; 29. To pay all expenses incidental to the formation or promotion of this or any other company, organization, bank, body corporate and the conduct of its business and remunerate any person, company or body for services rendered or assisting to place or guarantying the placing of nay of shares or debentures; 30. To appoint officers, staffs, experts, advisors, consultants, auditors, legal advisors and to provide for their suitable remunerations; 31. To provide for and to establish and support or aid in the establishment or support of any association, institution, fund trust or contributing to the building of houses and convenience calculated to the benefit of the employees and staffs, former or present and their dependents; 32. To amalgamate with or construct or reorganize any company, bank or body corporate or association in cooperation with any other person, company, bank or association; 33. To establish and open offices and branches to carry on all or any of the above business abroad and within country provided prior permission is obtained from the Bangladesh Bank; 34.

The Evolution of the Harley Davidson essays

The Evolution of the Harley Davidson essays The Evolution of the Harley Davidson Nearly a century ago, the first motorized bike was invented. The idea came from two ambitious young men, William J. Harley and Ben Davidson. Upon completion of their first successful prototype in a backyard shed, they were ready to show the world their newest creation. They could have never imagined the fame and fortune that was waiting just ahead of them. The invention of this unique machine sparked a revolution in the transportation industry. It could cover ground that was considered to be too treacherous for a four-wheeled vehicle to attempt. The narrow, two-wheeled design and the massive power made this possible and grabbed the attention of people everywhere. By the time World War I had begun, the United States Army had incorporated them into their ranks. However, the demand was not just from the Army. Civilians were finding the freedom of the wind in their faces and the sun on their backs completely addictive when they straddled one of these powerful machines. Although the first motorcycles looked nothing like the ones we see today, they were still considered to be the American Dream to many free-spirited young men. The flashy paint jobs and chromed-out motors with their loud mufflers expressed the born to be wild attitude of the daredevil riders. The low, road-hugging frame was constructed of a one-piece steel tubular design that had no rear shocks of any kind. Hence came the nickname Hard-tail. It was a stiff, spine-crunching ride that left even the most dedicated biker tired and hurting after a couple of hours of hard riding. The power train was a forty-five cubic inch, V-twin flathead motor with a four speed transmission that was shifted by hand on the side of the gas tank. The clutch was operated with the left foot, which made it extremely awkward when stopping at a red light or a stop sign. It d ...

System design requirements document Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

System design requirements document - Essay Example These checks up results are the one used by the doctor as part of making decision on the patient sickness. All these information provided by the different clinical providers is input into the system. 2. Senior leadership- They are involved in providing cash to purchase a new system in the clinic. They are also involved in making decisions whether to change the workflow of the system. These activities make them to be consulted anytime a change is to be made to the system. 3. Medical records staff- This is the person charged with the responsibility of registering patients into the clinic. The staff has also a role of maintaining the medical records. The medical records may include drug supply and releases which is an important aspect to the clinic. Maintaining the drug supply will ensure the doctors do not prescribe a non existing drug. The medical records staff can carry these activities by feeding the data in the system to help in calculations. 4. Administrators/ clinical managers- T hese group have a role of seeing the smooth running of the clinic every day. They also ensure quality improvement in delivery of services leading to the need of including them in requirement collection. 2. Workflow This the procedure followed in a clinic before a patient receives treatment. The workflow starts when a patient visits the clinic to the time they leave. 1. Patient walks into the clinic 2. a. If new patient collection of registration details which includes name, contact information and medical history. b. If an old patient retrieval of the medical record is done by the clerk. 3. Patient moves to the waiting room. 4. The clerk forwards the patient’s medical file to the doctor on duty. 5. Patient proceeds to the check up room 6. Check up on blood pressure, temperature and weight is carried on the patient. 7. The patient proceeds to the doctor’s office with the written form on check up results. 8. The doctor enquires on the reason of the visit. This will estab lish the sickness of the patient. 9. Doctor prescribes medication and billing to the patient. 10. The patient proceeds to the cashier’s desk and pays for the medication. 11. Collection of medication takes place at the pharmacies desk and advice on the way to take it. 12. The patient checks out of the clinic. 3. Improvements to the workflow The main factor affecting the clinical workflow was overbooking by patients. The system should eliminate this by ensuring that the numbers of patients who visit the clinic per day do not exceed the needed number. This can be done by establishing a procedure where patients books appointments long before seeing the doctor. This ensures patients scheduled for a day do not exceed the maximum number a doctor can handle. Another improvement required is to eliminate the delay by patients at the registration desk. The study showed patients spent a lot of time giving information at the reception desk. The main solution would be to reduce the amount of data collected on a specific patient. The contact information would just include the phone number leaving the rest of the things like physical address, zip code and city. This would reduce the amount of time taken to attend to each patient. Improvement on information passing from the different offices was also required. Automation is supposed to allow once a clerk logs a patient visit the doctor can access the patient’s files online. The manual tracing of files can also be eliminated

The American Red Cross Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The American Red Cross - Research Paper Example Business ethics come with numerous benefits which include employee commitment which can be said to be the believe of an employee future to be linked to that of the organization and their personal sacrifices they willingly offer to that organization they work for.In addition, investor loyalty can be said to be th ethical code of conduct that gives rise to shareholder loyalty which might pay a regular contribution to success supporting even greater anxiety and social causes (Ferrell, Fraedrich & Ferrell, 2011). Moreover,customer satisfaction is one of the greatest important aspect of a business success is the organizational development continuation, alteration and adaptation of products to keep the customer trends of tastes and preferences so that long - term stakeholders and customer relationship is maintained. Lastly,the bottom line is the relation to business to the total revenue minus all the expenses and therefore any company or organization must have a good financial presentation for the purpose of ethical culture nurturing and development (Ferrell, Fraedrich & Ferrell, 2011).Due to the behavior of the American Red Cross (ARC) following the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and 9/11 their reputation with regard to business effects benefits were greatly dented. This was as a result of lack of supervision of some volunteers or employees, leading them to be an unethical in the operation and also resulted in numerous damage of the ARC reputation. Due to the ARC failure to strictly follow their rules and regulations and embezzled donated funds for the organization, the investor loyalty greatly reduced( Jones, 2012). The deeds of the ARC following these calamities led to low customer satisfaction which greatly affected the profits which are directly proportional to the organizational actions. Since the ARC major source of revenues is the donations, the public may stop the donations at their will if they feel their money is embezzled instead of assist the needy( Jone s, 2012). . Determine and discuss the role that ARC’s stakeholder orientation played in this scenario. Stakeholder orientation is defined as the level of an organization's ability to recognize and tackle stakeholder demands. The stakeholders made up by a number of people who may have a say in any company or organization’s business operations( Jones, 2012). . A lot of distress arose about ARC in the scenario and since its major role is to give a fast response aid to victims of any disaster, the World Trade Center attack in New York city and the Hurrican Katrina were chief occurrences that were of great effect in the United States. The way in which ARC carried out those events was questionable making it to be highly scrutinized. Starting with the World Trade Center, the ARC got higher criticism due to their slow response time. The Disaster operation center (DOC) whose center of command is based in Virginia never activated the special teams which are usually sent in respo nse to a plane crash disaster or similar (Jones, 2012). . Apart from the slow response to disaster that took place in 9/11 2001, criticism also arose due to the fact that some of the money donated was mismanaged. This money was raised from a separate fund which was to cater for the victims and the affected families. In a period of about two months, about $550 millions was collected with only about a third going to the intended function of relief

Domestic Violence A Recurring Problem In Modern Society Criminology Essay

Domestic Violence A Recurring Problem In Modern Society Criminology Essay Discuss its causes, effects and the legal and other remedies available to deal with the problem. Analyse whether these remedies are sufficient or not and set out how you feel the issue is best dealt with. Domestic violence is undoubtedly a serious problem in modern society. Crime statistics in Ireland indicate that the Gardai record an average of twenty three incidents of domestic violence every day (Watson and Parsons 2005). However, domestic violence is certainly not a modern phenomenon. It has existed throughout the centuries but remained largely hidden and unrecorded. Traditionally, domestic violence has been considered a private matter rather than a criminal offence. Until the 19th century it was legal and socially acceptable for men to beat their wives (Dobash and Dobash 1979). Domestic violence is often associated with physical abuse only. However, research indicates that it can take different forms: physical, sexual and psychological/emotional. In the course of this essay the causes and effects of domestic violence will be explored, drawing on research carried out in Ireland and internationally. The legal and other remedies will also be outlined and evaluated. 2. Many theories have been put forward as to the causes of domestic violence. One theory is idea of circular causality (Pressman 1989). This view implies that a woman is as responsible for her own victimization as the man who assaults her. The violence is seen as something they have both created and are both responsible for modifying. Another view explains violence by reference to the mans personal history. Research shows that men who witness their parents domestic violence are three times more likely to become wife beaters and women who witness violence as children seek out abusive men because they saw their mothers being abused (Pressman 1989). Pressman (1989) suggests witnessing violence against a Mother may make sons more prone to violence themselves as adults, they may be quick to perceive conflict and slow to see non-violent alternatives for dealing with it. However, there are no firm conclusions about childhood experiences of domestic or other abuse as a cause of adult abuse or v ictimization. Pressman (1989) points out that it is not simply a matter of modelling whereby a child witnesses a set of behaviours and proceeds to replicate them: there are powerful mediating factors that can shape a variety of outcomes. She concludes that not all violent families and not all children are the same and the replication of violence from generation to generation is not inevitable (Pressman 1989). Domestic violence is often associated with alcohol consumption, but it is unclear as to whether alcohol is the root cause of this problem. Reporting 3. on a study of married couples, Leonard finds support for a causal relationship between a husbands drinking and physical abuse of wives. However, he cautions that: †¦despite the support that the current research program has provided for a causal role of alcohol on marital aggression, it would be a mistake to overstate this role. Alcohol is neither a necessary nor a sufficient cause of marital aggression. The majority of aggressive episodes occur without alcohol, and men who have behaved aggressively with alcohol have often behaved aggressively without alcohol as well. The role of alcohol†¦appears to be one of a facilitative nature, a contributing cause. (Leonard cited in Watson and Parsons 2005 p.67). In their study of domestic violence in Ireland, Watson and Parsons identify a number of triggers of abusive behaviour. A trigger is an immediate precursor to the behaviour and not necessary the ultimate cause of violence (p. 174). They found that in about two out of five cases the abusive behaviour had no specific trigger or was triggered by minor incidents. In about one third of cases abuse was associated with the consumption of alcohol. The authors conclude that the results are not strongly suggestive of a primary causal link between consumption of alcohol and incidents of domestic violence. In only one quarter of cases was alcohol consumption always involved. Similarly, Margaret Martin, director of Womens Aid, points out that while there is a strong link between alcohol abuse and domestic violence, treating or dealing with the alcoholism does not necessarily stop the violence (Martin 2009). 4. However, she does acknowledge that alcohol greatly increases the risk to a woman and has clear links to increased severity in relation to physical and sexual abuse. Other contributing factors to domestic violence include social exclusion, gender inequality, poverty and having a criminal background. A number of theorists work from the understanding that domestic abuse is caused by social structures, cultural norms and other factors that endorse or do not challenge the use of control and abuse by men against their female partners (Debonnaire et al. 2004). Pressman (1989) suggests that violence against women has persisted in our society precisely because it does not contradict cultural norms in any fundamental way. She suggests that to some degree we have all been acculturated to perceive violence as an acceptable means of exercising control. Wife abuse also reflects power differentials in our society, played out in the family. Pressman (1989) points out that the groups against whom violence is accepted are groups that are socially and economically disadvantaged including women, children, racial minorities, the poor, the mentally ill. In particular she looks at the economic inequalities that affect women and their continuing exclusion from positions of power in very many sectors o f society. According to Pressman (1989) there is an obvious link between this systematic disempowering of women and their continued victimization. Domestic violence simultaneously expresses and reinforces their 5. disempowered state. The basic problem as she sees it, is not just to end violence as a behaviour (although it is obviously important) but more importantly to alter the social arrangements that violence expresses and reinforces. Women cannot be safe when at the same time they are defined as inferior and subordinate to men. The impact of domestic violence is far reaching and complex. Domestic violence is a major cause of injury, disability and death for women worldwide. Between January 1996 and June 2005, one hundred and nine women were murdered in Ireland, seventy two of these in their own homes. In those cases which have been resolved, all were perpetrated by a man and almost half were perpetrated by the womans partner or ex-partner (Debonnaire et al. 2004). Ireland is not alone, domestic violence is one of the greatest causes of death and injury amongst women worldwide (Amnesty International, 2004). The World Health Organisation has estimated that 70 per cent of female murder victims are killed by their male partners. Their recently released World Report on Violence and Health notes that whereas men are much more likely to be attacked by a stranger or an acquaintance than by someone within their close circle of relationships†¦.one of the most common forms of violence against women is that perfor med by a husband or male partner (World Health Organisation 2001). The Council of Europe has stated that violence in the family is the major cause of death and disability for women between the 6. ages of 16 and 44 years. Domestic violence results in more death and ill- health in women than cancer or road traffic accidents (Kerr 2004). Similarly child homicide is often linked to domestic violence, where the male abuser is abusing the women and the child(ren). Children who are not being abused may be physically harmed when they try to protect parents or are caught in the crossfire (Debonnaire et al. 2004). Apart from physical injury, domestic violence is also linked to depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health problems. Both women and men who have been abused report negative emotional consequences (Watson and Parsons 2005). However, women are more likely than men to have been very frightened or distressed by this abuse and to report that the experience had a major impact on their lives (ibid. p25). Watson and Parsons also found that more women than men reported a loss of confidence. In some instances emotional abuse was found to be even more traumatic than physical attacks. Almost half of the severely abused respondents including those who had suffered severe physical or sexual abuse listed an emotional incident as being the worst thing that had happened to them (ibid. p.25). The research also found a clear link between abuse and marital breakdown. Domestic abuse can have an impact on other aspects of the victims life, including work and accommodation. Watson and Parsons found that two 7. in five of those severely abused had to take time off work, while nearly one in eight had to leave a job. In some cases it can lead to homelessness (OHalloran 2009). It is also a major cost to the exchequer in health care for the victims (Debonnaire et al. 2004). Ireland now has a network of womens support services and mens programmes, a civil and criminal justice framework, a specialist policy for the police and other elements of domestic abuse intervention. There has been public debate about effective ways of responding to and preventing domestic abuse (Task Force Report, 1997). The Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform of the government of Ireland coordinates a Steering Committee on Violence against Women. Various sub-committees of the steering committee include one focused on work with perpetrators (Debonnaire 2004).. Traditionally attempts to intervene in domestic violence focused on abused women and their children. In recent years, however, there has been a shift to include a focus on the man who has perpetrated the abuse. on the perpetrator of the abuse. New policies have been adopted which focus on pro-active forms of intervention and prosecution. As part of these interventions treatment programmes for men have been introduced. The Dulaith Abuse Intervention Project (Dulaith DAIP) was the worlds first project to place intervention programmes as part of a co-ordinated 8. community response that aimed to hold men to account for their behaviour, enhance womens safety, sanction abusers appropriately and teach men not to abuse (Debonnaire 2004). There are currently fifteen intervention programmes working with domestic abusers in Ireland. Through working with perpetrators, these organisations are trying to increase the safety, and reduce the risks to their partners and children (Debonnaire et al. 2004). Numerous evaluations of intervention programmes have been carried out. Some results appear to show that programmes had limited or no effect on mens behaviour or womens safety. Others show that some programmes can have a positive effect on womens safety and on reducing mens abuse, particularly as part of a co-ordinated community response involving the criminal justice system and womens support services (Dobash et al, 2002; OConnor, 1998 cited in Debonnaire 2004). The legal protection for victims of domestic violence in Ireland includes elements from both the criminal and civil systems. The Domestic Violence Act 1996 enables spouses, cohabitees and parents to apply for orders, with certain property and residency restrictions. It enacted provisions of the Family Law Act 1981, making breach of domestic violence order an arrestable offence and allowing Gardai to arrest an offender for suspected actual bodily harm or grievous bodily 9. harm without witnessing the violence. The Non-Fatal Offences Against the Person Act, 1997 addresses criminal aspects of domestic violence, making most forms of physical violence used by domestic abusers a crime. Victims of domestic violence can apply for three type of civil orders: protection orders (an interim order, which the court can make while a full hearing is pending for one of the other orders), safety orders (which prohibits violence or threats of violence, molesting or watching the place where the applicant or dependant person resides) and barring orders which prohibits the person from entering the place where the applicant resides also prohibits violence, threats of violence, molesting or watching the place where the applicant or dependant person resides). According to Nester (2007) it is clear from a High Court decision in the case of McA -v- McA (1981) that it is not necessary to prove actual or threatened violence in order to avail of a barring order. The wife in the above mentioned case claimed that her health had been adversely effected by her husbands continued lack of communication. Judge Costello granted a barring order on the grounds that the husbands conduct had seri ously affected the welfare of the wife. In cases where the Court believes there is an immediate risk of significant harm to the applicant or dependant child, or that a protection order may not be sufficient to protect the applicant, an interim barring order may be granted. This order has the same effect as a 10. barring order, and lasts until the Court determines the application for the barring order. Safety orders can last up to five years and barring orders for up to three years and can be renewed after that (Nester 2007). According to Margaret Martin (2006) Director of Womens Aid, the 1996 Domestic Violence Act falls short in a number of significant areas, leaving many victims of domestic violence unable to access protection in the civil courts. She states the Act specifies where a cohabitee wishes to apply for a barring order, two key conditions must be satisfied: the applicant must have lived with the respondent for six of the previous nine months in aggregate. They must be able to prove an equal or greater interest in the property. To apply for a safety order, the applicant must have lived with the respondent for six of the previous 12 months in aggregate. Ms Martin (2009) argues that these restrictions have prevented many women from accessing protection. Some may have been living with their partners for too short a period or many may be separated from him too long. Others may not have lived with their abuser at all. Separation she says is often the most dangerous time for a woman with the abuse becoming more frequent, severe and dangerous. Ten per cent of callers to the Womens Aid helpline in 2008 were being abused by former partners who were not married. Ms Martin (2009) also points out that there are no legal provisions for women in dating relationships. She states that the law is powerless to protect women who were never married or have never 11. lived with the abuser. This also applies to women who have children but do not live with the father of the child, they cannot apply for domestic violence orders because they do not fit the cohabitation requirements. This falls short of UN guidelines for domestic violence legislation, which state that legislation should apply at a minimum to individuals who are or who have been in an intimate relationship, including marital, non-marital, same-sex and non-cohabiting relationships (Martin 2009). A number of groups including Womens Aid, the Law Society, the Law Reform Commission, the Government Task Force on Violence against Women and Amnesty Ireland, have called for the 1996 Domestic Violence Act to be amended in order to address these issues. Holland (2009) states that unacceptable delays in the family courts are causing women, intimidated by violent spouses and partners, to drop applications for barring orders. She points out that the first port of call for a woman seeking a barring or protection order against a violent or abusive man is the District Court. Currently women face an eleven week wait between applying for an order and a court hearing. Within that period she says many women come under enormous pressure to withdraw their applications. She argues that the abuser has a lot of time to work on the victim. She said once an application is withdrawn it is unlikely the woman, who would be further demoralised, would re-enter it. A report published by Amnesty Internationa l points out that of 8,452 incidents of 12. domestic violence reported to the Garda in 2003, less than half resulted in barring orders from the courts. It looked at convictions of perpetrators in the courts, figures indicate that successful prosecutions occurred in only 7.7 per cent of these cases. The report also states that there has not been a single conviction for marital rape in this country, despite specific legislation making it a crime since 1990 and its frequent occurrence as reported by victims to organisations such as Womens Aid (Raferty 2005). Womens refuges prov