Management Pattern of Pubali Bank Ltd free essay sample

The Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh handed over all assets and liabilities of the then Pubali Bank to Pubali Bank Limited. Since then Pubali Bank Limited has been rendering all sorts of commercial Banking services as the largest bank in the private sector through its branch network all over the country. Pubali Bank Limited provides mass banking services to the customers through its 410 branch network all over the country. This bank has been playing a vital role in socio-economic, industrial and agricultural development as well as in the overall economic development of the country since its inception through savings mobilization and investment of funds. During the last 5 years the growth rate of bank’s earnings is more than 50 % on average. 1. 2 Vision and Mission of Pubali Bank Ltd. †¢To become the best Bank in Bangladesh within 2013. †¢To provide excellent quality Customer service †¢To maintain Corporate and business ethics. †¢To become a trusted repository of customers money and their financial advisor. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Pattern of Pubali Bank Ltd or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To provide high quality financial services in export and import trade. †¢To make our stock superior and rewarding to the customers/share holders. †¢To display team spirit and professionalism. †¢To have a Sound Capital Base. This bank is one of the most disciplined Banks with a distinctive corporate culture. Here we believe in shared meaning, shared understanding and shared sense making. Our people can see and understand events, activities, objects and situation in a distinctive way. They mould their manners and etiquette, haracter individually to suit the purpose of the Bank and the needs of the customers who are of paramount importance to us. The people in the Bank see themselves as a tight knit team/family that believes in working together for growth. The corporate culture we belong has not been imposed; it has rather been achieved through our corporate conduct. 1. 3 Objectives of Pubali Bank Ltd. 01. To carry on, transact, undertake and conduct the business of bank ing in all its branches and transact and do all matters and things incidental thereto in Bangladesh and abroad; 02. To receive, borrow, or raise money on deposit, loan or otherwise, upon such terms as the Company may approve and to give guarantees and indemnities in respect of all debts and contracts; 03. To advance, deposit and lend money on real, personal and mixed securities, on cash, credit or other accounts, on policies, bonds, debentures, bills of exchange, promissory notes, letter of credits, or other wares and merchandise, bills of sale and lading, delivery orders, or other mercantile indicia or tokens, bullion stocks and shares; 04. To establish, maintain, carry on, transact and undertake all kinds of investment, merchant and financial business, including underwriting, managing and distributing the issue of stocks, shares, bonds, debentures, import permits and other securities directly or through jointly with one or more banks or financial institutions; 05. To advance, deposit or lend money to or with such persons, firms or bodies corporate or un-incorporate and so on such terms as may seem expedient; 06. To carry on the business of discounting, dealing in exchanges in specie and securities and all kinds of mercantile banking; 07. To carry on business of dealers in foreign exchange including buying and selling of foreign exchange, dealing in foreign currency notes, granting and issuing of letters of credits, traveler’s cheques, circular notes and negotiating and discounting of export documents and all other matters related to foreign exchange notes; 08. To carry on the business of buying and selling bullion, gold, and other valuables species’ 09. To provide for safe-deposit vaults and safe custody of valuables of all kinds’ 10. To act as agents for the sale and purchase of any stocks, shares or securities or for any other monetary or mercantile transaction; 11. To invest money in such manner as may from time to time be thought proper; 12. To carry on business as financiers, promoters, capitalists, financial and monetary agents, concessionaries, brokers and merchants’ 13. To guarantee or become liable for the payment of money or for the performance of any obligation and generally to transact all kinds of guarantee business and also to transact all kinds of agency business; 14. To promote, effect ensure, guarantee, underwrite, participate in management and carry out any issue, public or private, or state, municipal, or others loans, or shares, stocks, debentures or debentures stock of any company, corporation or association and to lend money for the purpose of any such issue; 15. To form, promote and establish companies and associations for execution of undertaking, works, projects, or enterprises of any description, whether of a private or public character and to acquire, underwrite and dispose of shares and interest in such companies or associations or in any other company or association or in the undertakings thereof; 16. To promote or take part in the formation, management, supervision or control of the business or operations of any company or undertaking in Bangladesh or elsewhere and to render all assistance in this regard’ 17. To form, manage, join or subscribe to any syndicate, consortium or any holding company or trust and to carry on business of an investment trust company; 18. To carry on business or undertaking and executing of trusts and also to act as executor, trustee or otherwise; 19. To act as executors and trustees of wills, settlements and trust deeds of any kind made by customers and others and any other matters related thereto; 20. To act as official liquidator and receiver; 21. To contract or negotiate all kinds of loan, aid or assistance, private or public, from any source, local or foreign and take all such steps as may be required to complete and effectuate such deals; 22. To draw, make, accept, endorse, discount, negotiate, execute and issue bills of exchange, promissory notes and other negotiable or transferable instruments including notes, warrants and coupons; 23. To borrow or raise money or secure the payment of money by issue or sale shares, stocks, bonds, debentures, other securities and obligations, either perpetual or terminable and or redeemable or otherwise, and to charge or secure the same by trust deed or otherwise on the undertaking of the company or upon any specific property and rights, present or future, of the company; 24. To carry on the business of leasing lant or machinery, tools, apparatus, vehicles, ships, office professional equipment, medical and scientific apparatus etc. on such terms/covenants and conditions and on such rentals as may be thought fit and alter, repair and maintain the same; 25. To purchase, or otherwise acquire and undertake, the whole or any part of, or any interest in the business, goodwill, property, contracts, agreements, rights, privileges, effects and liabilities of any other company; 26. To acquire, construct, maintain, or alter any immovable or movable property, rights or privileges which the company may think necessary; 27. To invest the capital and other moneys of the company not immediately required in the purchase, exchange or upon the security of shares, stocks, debentures, debenture stocks and so on; 28. To carry on any other business, which in the opinion of the company is incidental or conducive to the promotion or advancement of the business of the company; 29. To pay all expenses incidental to the formation or promotion of this or any other company, organization, bank, body corporate and the conduct of its business and remunerate any person, company or body for services rendered or assisting to place or guarantying the placing of nay of shares or debentures; 30. To appoint officers, staffs, experts, advisors, consultants, auditors, legal advisors and to provide for their suitable remunerations; 31. To provide for and to establish and support or aid in the establishment or support of any association, institution, fund trust or contributing to the building of houses and convenience calculated to the benefit of the employees and staffs, former or present and their dependents; 32. To amalgamate with or construct or reorganize any company, bank or body corporate or association in cooperation with any other person, company, bank or association; 33. To establish and open offices and branches to carry on all or any of the above business abroad and within country provided prior permission is obtained from the Bangladesh Bank; 34.

The Evolution of the Harley Davidson essays

The Evolution of the Harley Davidson essays The Evolution of the Harley Davidson Nearly a century ago, the first motorized bike was invented. The idea came from two ambitious young men, William J. Harley and Ben Davidson. Upon completion of their first successful prototype in a backyard shed, they were ready to show the world their newest creation. They could have never imagined the fame and fortune that was waiting just ahead of them. The invention of this unique machine sparked a revolution in the transportation industry. It could cover ground that was considered to be too treacherous for a four-wheeled vehicle to attempt. The narrow, two-wheeled design and the massive power made this possible and grabbed the attention of people everywhere. By the time World War I had begun, the United States Army had incorporated them into their ranks. However, the demand was not just from the Army. Civilians were finding the freedom of the wind in their faces and the sun on their backs completely addictive when they straddled one of these powerful machines. Although the first motorcycles looked nothing like the ones we see today, they were still considered to be the American Dream to many free-spirited young men. The flashy paint jobs and chromed-out motors with their loud mufflers expressed the born to be wild attitude of the daredevil riders. The low, road-hugging frame was constructed of a one-piece steel tubular design that had no rear shocks of any kind. Hence came the nickname Hard-tail. It was a stiff, spine-crunching ride that left even the most dedicated biker tired and hurting after a couple of hours of hard riding. The power train was a forty-five cubic inch, V-twin flathead motor with a four speed transmission that was shifted by hand on the side of the gas tank. The clutch was operated with the left foot, which made it extremely awkward when stopping at a red light or a stop sign. It d ...

System design requirements document Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

System design requirements document - Essay Example These checks up results are the one used by the doctor as part of making decision on the patient sickness. All these information provided by the different clinical providers is input into the system. 2. Senior leadership- They are involved in providing cash to purchase a new system in the clinic. They are also involved in making decisions whether to change the workflow of the system. These activities make them to be consulted anytime a change is to be made to the system. 3. Medical records staff- This is the person charged with the responsibility of registering patients into the clinic. The staff has also a role of maintaining the medical records. The medical records may include drug supply and releases which is an important aspect to the clinic. Maintaining the drug supply will ensure the doctors do not prescribe a non existing drug. The medical records staff can carry these activities by feeding the data in the system to help in calculations. 4. Administrators/ clinical managers- T hese group have a role of seeing the smooth running of the clinic every day. They also ensure quality improvement in delivery of services leading to the need of including them in requirement collection. 2. Workflow This the procedure followed in a clinic before a patient receives treatment. The workflow starts when a patient visits the clinic to the time they leave. 1. Patient walks into the clinic 2. a. If new patient collection of registration details which includes name, contact information and medical history. b. If an old patient retrieval of the medical record is done by the clerk. 3. Patient moves to the waiting room. 4. The clerk forwards the patient’s medical file to the doctor on duty. 5. Patient proceeds to the check up room 6. Check up on blood pressure, temperature and weight is carried on the patient. 7. The patient proceeds to the doctor’s office with the written form on check up results. 8. The doctor enquires on the reason of the visit. This will estab lish the sickness of the patient. 9. Doctor prescribes medication and billing to the patient. 10. The patient proceeds to the cashier’s desk and pays for the medication. 11. Collection of medication takes place at the pharmacies desk and advice on the way to take it. 12. The patient checks out of the clinic. 3. Improvements to the workflow The main factor affecting the clinical workflow was overbooking by patients. The system should eliminate this by ensuring that the numbers of patients who visit the clinic per day do not exceed the needed number. This can be done by establishing a procedure where patients books appointments long before seeing the doctor. This ensures patients scheduled for a day do not exceed the maximum number a doctor can handle. Another improvement required is to eliminate the delay by patients at the registration desk. The study showed patients spent a lot of time giving information at the reception desk. The main solution would be to reduce the amount of data collected on a specific patient. The contact information would just include the phone number leaving the rest of the things like physical address, zip code and city. This would reduce the amount of time taken to attend to each patient. Improvement on information passing from the different offices was also required. Automation is supposed to allow once a clerk logs a patient visit the doctor can access the patient’s files online. The manual tracing of files can also be eliminated

The American Red Cross Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The American Red Cross - Research Paper Example Business ethics come with numerous benefits which include employee commitment which can be said to be the believe of an employee future to be linked to that of the organization and their personal sacrifices they willingly offer to that organization they work for.In addition, investor loyalty can be said to be th ethical code of conduct that gives rise to shareholder loyalty which might pay a regular contribution to success supporting even greater anxiety and social causes (Ferrell, Fraedrich & Ferrell, 2011). Moreover,customer satisfaction is one of the greatest important aspect of a business success is the organizational development continuation, alteration and adaptation of products to keep the customer trends of tastes and preferences so that long - term stakeholders and customer relationship is maintained. Lastly,the bottom line is the relation to business to the total revenue minus all the expenses and therefore any company or organization must have a good financial presentation for the purpose of ethical culture nurturing and development (Ferrell, Fraedrich & Ferrell, 2011).Due to the behavior of the American Red Cross (ARC) following the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and 9/11 their reputation with regard to business effects benefits were greatly dented. This was as a result of lack of supervision of some volunteers or employees, leading them to be an unethical in the operation and also resulted in numerous damage of the ARC reputation. Due to the ARC failure to strictly follow their rules and regulations and embezzled donated funds for the organization, the investor loyalty greatly reduced( Jones, 2012). The deeds of the ARC following these calamities led to low customer satisfaction which greatly affected the profits which are directly proportional to the organizational actions. Since the ARC major source of revenues is the donations, the public may stop the donations at their will if they feel their money is embezzled instead of assist the needy( Jone s, 2012). . Determine and discuss the role that ARC’s stakeholder orientation played in this scenario. Stakeholder orientation is defined as the level of an organization's ability to recognize and tackle stakeholder demands. The stakeholders made up by a number of people who may have a say in any company or organization’s business operations( Jones, 2012). . A lot of distress arose about ARC in the scenario and since its major role is to give a fast response aid to victims of any disaster, the World Trade Center attack in New York city and the Hurrican Katrina were chief occurrences that were of great effect in the United States. The way in which ARC carried out those events was questionable making it to be highly scrutinized. Starting with the World Trade Center, the ARC got higher criticism due to their slow response time. The Disaster operation center (DOC) whose center of command is based in Virginia never activated the special teams which are usually sent in respo nse to a plane crash disaster or similar (Jones, 2012). . Apart from the slow response to disaster that took place in 9/11 2001, criticism also arose due to the fact that some of the money donated was mismanaged. This money was raised from a separate fund which was to cater for the victims and the affected families. In a period of about two months, about $550 millions was collected with only about a third going to the intended function of relief

Domestic Violence A Recurring Problem In Modern Society Criminology Essay

Domestic Violence A Recurring Problem In Modern Society Criminology Essay Discuss its causes, effects and the legal and other remedies available to deal with the problem. Analyse whether these remedies are sufficient or not and set out how you feel the issue is best dealt with. Domestic violence is undoubtedly a serious problem in modern society. Crime statistics in Ireland indicate that the Gardai record an average of twenty three incidents of domestic violence every day (Watson and Parsons 2005). However, domestic violence is certainly not a modern phenomenon. It has existed throughout the centuries but remained largely hidden and unrecorded. Traditionally, domestic violence has been considered a private matter rather than a criminal offence. Until the 19th century it was legal and socially acceptable for men to beat their wives (Dobash and Dobash 1979). Domestic violence is often associated with physical abuse only. However, research indicates that it can take different forms: physical, sexual and psychological/emotional. In the course of this essay the causes and effects of domestic violence will be explored, drawing on research carried out in Ireland and internationally. The legal and other remedies will also be outlined and evaluated. 2. Many theories have been put forward as to the causes of domestic violence. One theory is idea of circular causality (Pressman 1989). This view implies that a woman is as responsible for her own victimization as the man who assaults her. The violence is seen as something they have both created and are both responsible for modifying. Another view explains violence by reference to the mans personal history. Research shows that men who witness their parents domestic violence are three times more likely to become wife beaters and women who witness violence as children seek out abusive men because they saw their mothers being abused (Pressman 1989). Pressman (1989) suggests witnessing violence against a Mother may make sons more prone to violence themselves as adults, they may be quick to perceive conflict and slow to see non-violent alternatives for dealing with it. However, there are no firm conclusions about childhood experiences of domestic or other abuse as a cause of adult abuse or v ictimization. Pressman (1989) points out that it is not simply a matter of modelling whereby a child witnesses a set of behaviours and proceeds to replicate them: there are powerful mediating factors that can shape a variety of outcomes. She concludes that not all violent families and not all children are the same and the replication of violence from generation to generation is not inevitable (Pressman 1989). Domestic violence is often associated with alcohol consumption, but it is unclear as to whether alcohol is the root cause of this problem. Reporting 3. on a study of married couples, Leonard finds support for a causal relationship between a husbands drinking and physical abuse of wives. However, he cautions that: †¦despite the support that the current research program has provided for a causal role of alcohol on marital aggression, it would be a mistake to overstate this role. Alcohol is neither a necessary nor a sufficient cause of marital aggression. The majority of aggressive episodes occur without alcohol, and men who have behaved aggressively with alcohol have often behaved aggressively without alcohol as well. The role of alcohol†¦appears to be one of a facilitative nature, a contributing cause. (Leonard cited in Watson and Parsons 2005 p.67). In their study of domestic violence in Ireland, Watson and Parsons identify a number of triggers of abusive behaviour. A trigger is an immediate precursor to the behaviour and not necessary the ultimate cause of violence (p. 174). They found that in about two out of five cases the abusive behaviour had no specific trigger or was triggered by minor incidents. In about one third of cases abuse was associated with the consumption of alcohol. The authors conclude that the results are not strongly suggestive of a primary causal link between consumption of alcohol and incidents of domestic violence. In only one quarter of cases was alcohol consumption always involved. Similarly, Margaret Martin, director of Womens Aid, points out that while there is a strong link between alcohol abuse and domestic violence, treating or dealing with the alcoholism does not necessarily stop the violence (Martin 2009). 4. However, she does acknowledge that alcohol greatly increases the risk to a woman and has clear links to increased severity in relation to physical and sexual abuse. Other contributing factors to domestic violence include social exclusion, gender inequality, poverty and having a criminal background. A number of theorists work from the understanding that domestic abuse is caused by social structures, cultural norms and other factors that endorse or do not challenge the use of control and abuse by men against their female partners (Debonnaire et al. 2004). Pressman (1989) suggests that violence against women has persisted in our society precisely because it does not contradict cultural norms in any fundamental way. She suggests that to some degree we have all been acculturated to perceive violence as an acceptable means of exercising control. Wife abuse also reflects power differentials in our society, played out in the family. Pressman (1989) points out that the groups against whom violence is accepted are groups that are socially and economically disadvantaged including women, children, racial minorities, the poor, the mentally ill. In particular she looks at the economic inequalities that affect women and their continuing exclusion from positions of power in very many sectors o f society. According to Pressman (1989) there is an obvious link between this systematic disempowering of women and their continued victimization. Domestic violence simultaneously expresses and reinforces their 5. disempowered state. The basic problem as she sees it, is not just to end violence as a behaviour (although it is obviously important) but more importantly to alter the social arrangements that violence expresses and reinforces. Women cannot be safe when at the same time they are defined as inferior and subordinate to men. The impact of domestic violence is far reaching and complex. Domestic violence is a major cause of injury, disability and death for women worldwide. Between January 1996 and June 2005, one hundred and nine women were murdered in Ireland, seventy two of these in their own homes. In those cases which have been resolved, all were perpetrated by a man and almost half were perpetrated by the womans partner or ex-partner (Debonnaire et al. 2004). Ireland is not alone, domestic violence is one of the greatest causes of death and injury amongst women worldwide (Amnesty International, 2004). The World Health Organisation has estimated that 70 per cent of female murder victims are killed by their male partners. Their recently released World Report on Violence and Health notes that whereas men are much more likely to be attacked by a stranger or an acquaintance than by someone within their close circle of relationships†¦.one of the most common forms of violence against women is that perfor med by a husband or male partner (World Health Organisation 2001). The Council of Europe has stated that violence in the family is the major cause of death and disability for women between the 6. ages of 16 and 44 years. Domestic violence results in more death and ill- health in women than cancer or road traffic accidents (Kerr 2004). Similarly child homicide is often linked to domestic violence, where the male abuser is abusing the women and the child(ren). Children who are not being abused may be physically harmed when they try to protect parents or are caught in the crossfire (Debonnaire et al. 2004). Apart from physical injury, domestic violence is also linked to depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health problems. Both women and men who have been abused report negative emotional consequences (Watson and Parsons 2005). However, women are more likely than men to have been very frightened or distressed by this abuse and to report that the experience had a major impact on their lives (ibid. p25). Watson and Parsons also found that more women than men reported a loss of confidence. In some instances emotional abuse was found to be even more traumatic than physical attacks. Almost half of the severely abused respondents including those who had suffered severe physical or sexual abuse listed an emotional incident as being the worst thing that had happened to them (ibid. p.25). The research also found a clear link between abuse and marital breakdown. Domestic abuse can have an impact on other aspects of the victims life, including work and accommodation. Watson and Parsons found that two 7. in five of those severely abused had to take time off work, while nearly one in eight had to leave a job. In some cases it can lead to homelessness (OHalloran 2009). It is also a major cost to the exchequer in health care for the victims (Debonnaire et al. 2004). Ireland now has a network of womens support services and mens programmes, a civil and criminal justice framework, a specialist policy for the police and other elements of domestic abuse intervention. There has been public debate about effective ways of responding to and preventing domestic abuse (Task Force Report, 1997). The Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform of the government of Ireland coordinates a Steering Committee on Violence against Women. Various sub-committees of the steering committee include one focused on work with perpetrators (Debonnaire 2004).. Traditionally attempts to intervene in domestic violence focused on abused women and their children. In recent years, however, there has been a shift to include a focus on the man who has perpetrated the abuse. on the perpetrator of the abuse. New policies have been adopted which focus on pro-active forms of intervention and prosecution. As part of these interventions treatment programmes for men have been introduced. The Dulaith Abuse Intervention Project (Dulaith DAIP) was the worlds first project to place intervention programmes as part of a co-ordinated 8. community response that aimed to hold men to account for their behaviour, enhance womens safety, sanction abusers appropriately and teach men not to abuse (Debonnaire 2004). There are currently fifteen intervention programmes working with domestic abusers in Ireland. Through working with perpetrators, these organisations are trying to increase the safety, and reduce the risks to their partners and children (Debonnaire et al. 2004). Numerous evaluations of intervention programmes have been carried out. Some results appear to show that programmes had limited or no effect on mens behaviour or womens safety. Others show that some programmes can have a positive effect on womens safety and on reducing mens abuse, particularly as part of a co-ordinated community response involving the criminal justice system and womens support services (Dobash et al, 2002; OConnor, 1998 cited in Debonnaire 2004). The legal protection for victims of domestic violence in Ireland includes elements from both the criminal and civil systems. The Domestic Violence Act 1996 enables spouses, cohabitees and parents to apply for orders, with certain property and residency restrictions. It enacted provisions of the Family Law Act 1981, making breach of domestic violence order an arrestable offence and allowing Gardai to arrest an offender for suspected actual bodily harm or grievous bodily 9. harm without witnessing the violence. The Non-Fatal Offences Against the Person Act, 1997 addresses criminal aspects of domestic violence, making most forms of physical violence used by domestic abusers a crime. Victims of domestic violence can apply for three type of civil orders: protection orders (an interim order, which the court can make while a full hearing is pending for one of the other orders), safety orders (which prohibits violence or threats of violence, molesting or watching the place where the applicant or dependant person resides) and barring orders which prohibits the person from entering the place where the applicant resides also prohibits violence, threats of violence, molesting or watching the place where the applicant or dependant person resides). According to Nester (2007) it is clear from a High Court decision in the case of McA -v- McA (1981) that it is not necessary to prove actual or threatened violence in order to avail of a barring order. The wife in the above mentioned case claimed that her health had been adversely effected by her husbands continued lack of communication. Judge Costello granted a barring order on the grounds that the husbands conduct had seri ously affected the welfare of the wife. In cases where the Court believes there is an immediate risk of significant harm to the applicant or dependant child, or that a protection order may not be sufficient to protect the applicant, an interim barring order may be granted. This order has the same effect as a 10. barring order, and lasts until the Court determines the application for the barring order. Safety orders can last up to five years and barring orders for up to three years and can be renewed after that (Nester 2007). According to Margaret Martin (2006) Director of Womens Aid, the 1996 Domestic Violence Act falls short in a number of significant areas, leaving many victims of domestic violence unable to access protection in the civil courts. She states the Act specifies where a cohabitee wishes to apply for a barring order, two key conditions must be satisfied: the applicant must have lived with the respondent for six of the previous nine months in aggregate. They must be able to prove an equal or greater interest in the property. To apply for a safety order, the applicant must have lived with the respondent for six of the previous 12 months in aggregate. Ms Martin (2009) argues that these restrictions have prevented many women from accessing protection. Some may have been living with their partners for too short a period or many may be separated from him too long. Others may not have lived with their abuser at all. Separation she says is often the most dangerous time for a woman with the abuse becoming more frequent, severe and dangerous. Ten per cent of callers to the Womens Aid helpline in 2008 were being abused by former partners who were not married. Ms Martin (2009) also points out that there are no legal provisions for women in dating relationships. She states that the law is powerless to protect women who were never married or have never 11. lived with the abuser. This also applies to women who have children but do not live with the father of the child, they cannot apply for domestic violence orders because they do not fit the cohabitation requirements. This falls short of UN guidelines for domestic violence legislation, which state that legislation should apply at a minimum to individuals who are or who have been in an intimate relationship, including marital, non-marital, same-sex and non-cohabiting relationships (Martin 2009). A number of groups including Womens Aid, the Law Society, the Law Reform Commission, the Government Task Force on Violence against Women and Amnesty Ireland, have called for the 1996 Domestic Violence Act to be amended in order to address these issues. Holland (2009) states that unacceptable delays in the family courts are causing women, intimidated by violent spouses and partners, to drop applications for barring orders. She points out that the first port of call for a woman seeking a barring or protection order against a violent or abusive man is the District Court. Currently women face an eleven week wait between applying for an order and a court hearing. Within that period she says many women come under enormous pressure to withdraw their applications. She argues that the abuser has a lot of time to work on the victim. She said once an application is withdrawn it is unlikely the woman, who would be further demoralised, would re-enter it. A report published by Amnesty Internationa l points out that of 8,452 incidents of 12. domestic violence reported to the Garda in 2003, less than half resulted in barring orders from the courts. It looked at convictions of perpetrators in the courts, figures indicate that successful prosecutions occurred in only 7.7 per cent of these cases. The report also states that there has not been a single conviction for marital rape in this country, despite specific legislation making it a crime since 1990 and its frequent occurrence as reported by victims to organisations such as Womens Aid (Raferty 2005). Womens refuges prov

Four Problem That Farmers Face

How the Government help farmers in the Bahamas Today I am going to speak momentarily on how the Bahamian government help farmers in the Bahamas. They help by giving the farmers loan to buy supplies on a broad spread of product including building supplies ,processing materials and farm vehicles such as trucks, tractors plough and a harvest machine . Usually they hold lease and dispose of agricultural land, because some farmers don’t have a land to farm on and some farmers land are so small. The more the land the more the crops can increase.For example they give about 13,869 acres of land in Andros about 11,737 acres of land in Abaco and about 10,542 land in Grand Bahama . Also the government give money to some farmers because sometime the farmers cannot afford the supplies to maintain a proper farm . For example wheel barrels , Cattles ,Fruit trees and vegetable seed. Another thing they do is allow the farmers to sue, because these days some people go on farmers land and pick t heir crops without permission to do so .If they keep stealing the farmers crops there will not be non for the farmers . Also the Bahamian government help with training seminars and programmes on farming livestock information to help farmers and person that is interested in farming with initative as well as what proceses are required to increase yield of crops and how to raise health livestock . When new events arise they are posted in the events section of the (BAIC)website to sentsitise public. Filling out forms and submit the register form to the (BAIC) office.The time spent at these session are one day to sometime four weeks the most. They also help us with marketing our products in the Bahamas and international corporation (BAIC) also assist by placing farmers produce on it website to make the produce available to Bahamian and foreigns. Lastly but not lease they support us with fertilizer the soil , because some land areas don’t have very good soil so are and crops will n ot be unable to grow properly . They are un able to grow because the soil is hard , barren and don’t have enough nutrients for the crops to grow.

How effective is the ending to The Great Gatsby?

The conclusion of Nick's account of his experiences ends in chapter 9. The final section, on pages 148-9 is a very effective and evocative ending to the novel. It is rich with metaphorical representations which Fitzgerald deliberately implements in order to create emotion and an intricately intimate aura in order for the reader (back in the time of publication) to identify and understand the ‘big picture' behind the plot. The green light that has been mentioned further emphasises Gatsby's greatest attribute – his ability to dream and hope. It symbolises his obsessive limerence with his beloved Daisy, but Nick points out that Gatsby ‘did not know that it was already behind him†¦ ‘, in that his visions and aspirations (as well as the symbolism of the green light), go far beyond only Daisy. This possibly indicates the fact that Gatsby hasn't realised the extent of his progression to be as close to Daisy as possible (until she takes a tour of his house), which is referred to by Nick (â€Å"He had come a long way to this blue lawn†¦ †). Nick relates the green light, with all its connotations, to the first Dutch sailors who visited America for the first time. He pictured the ‘fresh, green breast of the New World' (and how it must have looked like to the Dutch sailors who stumbled upon it, without any industrial pollution or buildings (as it used to be called New Amsterdam before NYC)) as the green light, and muses that Gatsby – whose wealth and success so closely echoes the American Dream – failed to realise that the dream had already ended; that his goals had become hollow and empty. The Dutch envisioned it as a land of freedom and equality, where no one is judged and everyone can have a fresh new start; a place for dreamers such as Gatsby. Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us†¦ ‘ conclude the novel and find Nick returning to the theme of the importance of the past to the dreams of the future (represented as the green light). He focuses on the struggle of humans to achieve their goals by both transcending and re-creating the past (as observed in Gatsby, â€Å"can't repeat the past?†¦ why of course you can! † and it is Gatsby's mindset which makes it one of the reasons Nick calls him The ‘Great' Gatsby). Just as Americans have given American meaning through their dreams for their own lives (i. e. the American Dream), Gatsby instills Daisy with a kind of idealised perfection (i. e. he built her up to be this perfect ‘goddess' over the years†¦ ) that she neither deserves nor possesses (†¦ which crumbles the climax as she isn't all he perceived). Gatsby's dream is ‘already behind him somewhere' as it is ruined by the unworthiness of its object (i. e. Daisy), against contrasted with the American dream and its mythical presence in the 1920s also ruined by the unworthiness of its objects (i. . money, pleasure, etc. ). In the final sentence of the novel, it is metaphorically conveyed that humans are not able to move beyond the past, as the ‘current' draws them backwards, making their efforts of rowing towards the metaphorical representations of the green light futile. The past I describe functions as the source of their ideas fuelling their future (epitomised by Gatsby's affair with Daisy pre-war) and they can't escape it as they continue to struggle to transform their dreams into reality. While they never lose their optimism (â€Å"tomorrow we will run faster†¦ ), their energy is expended in pursuit of a goal that moves ever farther away. This metaphor characterises both Gatsby's struggle and the American dream as well. Nick's words register neither blind approval nor cynical disillusionment but rather the respectful melancholy that he ultimately bring to his study of Gatsby's life. The umpteen frequency of Gatsby's party also relate to the connotations of the green light in some ways. Most of the guests that attended his parties weren't invited, as they came ‘for the party with a simplicity of heart that was its own ticket of admission'. The taxi driver that passed Gatsby's domain may have had a story of his own to explain events. This is in fact the procedure that most of the characters in the novel are involved in (including Nick). They're spreading around rumours and stories around the objects and events in their world in order to make a sense of them, as he cultivated mystery, Gatsby provided a singularly rich focus for speculation, scrutiny and invention (he continues to do so after his death, too). His engagement with the past is vividly rendered in this passage through the strength of his imagination summoning up the parties, in both visual and auditory terms. Fitzgerald portrays the 1920s as an era of decayed social and moral values, evidenced in its overarching cynicism, greed, and empty pursuit of pleasure. The reckless jubilance that led to decadent parties and wild jazz music—epitomized in the novel by the opulent parties that Gatsby throws every Saturday night—resulted ultimately in the corruption of the American dream, as the unrestrained desire for money and pleasure surpassed more noble goals. Gatsby's motives for throwing the parties is not to be passed unnoticed however. He used to throw the parties in hope of Daisy, people who know Daisy might attend. It is a proven fact because after their ‘affair' ‘Gatsby had dismissed every servant in his house', afraid of news of their meetings spreading (as he is aware how much gossip is spread about him already). This is what makes Gatsby's parties relate to the green light. It conveys Gatsby's constant desire and hope that someday Daisy will visit, and he shall not cease trying until he achieves his paramount ambition. The fact that Nick dubs him the ‘Great' Gatsby is also because he resembles a magician, in that he thinks he can bring back the past (quotation mentioned earlier). The fact that Daisy never shows up to his parties (until after they're familiar with each other) is also a metaphorical representation of how most people are denied the American dream, no matter how hard they push themselves. Gatsby changed his name from James Gatz to Jay Gatsby (god's boy) and his his domain is built upon the basis of a facade as he wishes to please Daisy and give a good impression. But in the end he dies due to several factors, such as the fact of his failure to realise that ideals differ from reality and that the past is almost impossible to re-enact. The ‘party' is over in a literal and metaphorical sense, and Nick prepares to leave the East for the Midwest. The people visiting his parties are aptly described by Nick as being ‘moths' or parasites, in that they ‘feed off of' or live off of Gatsby and his wealth. An example of this is Klipspringer, the boarder who visited for a party and never left. The word ‘last' recurs in this passage, which has an air of finality throughout. Another example would be the ‘material car' which Nick saw ‘its lights stop at his front steps'. Mention of the ‘material car' picks up on the recurrent thematic distinction between ‘materialism' and ‘idealism' as being two distinct versions of reality. In finality, we notice how and why the conclusions in this passage are justified as being famous in the literary world. The theme of this book, the ‘American Dream', is proven rightly to be a mere government-implemented myth, spread by the mass media, in order for people to not lose hope in a time of corruption and social decay. Characters and intimate objects represent more than their physical bodies throughout the plot, and it is difficult to spot a reference without a vivid or meticulous connotation behind it. Gatsby's death could be blamed on a lot of people for example, and not only the obvious Wilson (e. g. Tom for telling falsely telling him that Gatsby killed his wife, or himself as he failed to realise the fabrication that is the American dream). It is highly effective an intriguing as it basically sums up the messages and meanings behind the references in the novel Fitzgerald wants the reader to apprehend; which he delivers in a tantalisingly ornate format.